PSI - Issue 13

Dan Eliezer et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 2233–2238 Eliezer et al/ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

2238

6

Low strain rates: Hydrogen promotes cracking by dislocation related mechanism dislocation.

High strain rates (≥2.33 GPa) : Hydrogen lingers and can't keep up with dislocation.

H

H 2

T

Fig. 6. A plaucible schematic illustration demonstrating the applicability of HELP model in DSS

2. Conclusions The susceptibility to the hydride embrittlement model in Mg and Ti alloys, and HELP model in stainless steels with different strength is highly dependent on reversible trapping ( ˂ 60 kJ/mol), and the second-phase content. The HELP mechanism was proved to be not-applicable at higher strain rates and high dynamic pressure (≥2.33 GPa) . Another factor controlling the susceptibility of the HELP mechanism is the  -phase stability: higher stability of  -phase will produce severe damage and promote the fracture mechanism, due to a lower diffusion constant in that phase. The main affecting mechanism in hydrogen-induced second phases is its binding energy with hydrogen its density, and distribution along the sample's bulk. References [1] R. Silverstein and D. Eliezer. 2015. Hydrogen trapping mechanism of different duplex stainless steels alloys. J. Alloys Compd. 644, 280 – 286. [2] R. Silverstein and D. Eliezer, 2017. Mechanisms of hydrogen trapping in austenitic, duplex, and super martensitic stainless steels. J. Alloys Compd. 720, 451 – 459. [3] I. M. Robertson, P. Sofronis, et al. 2015. Hydrogen Embrittlement Understood. Metall. Mater. Trans. B . 46, 1085 – 1103. [4] R. A. Oriani, 1977. A decohesion theory for hydrogen-induced crack propagation. Stress Corrosion Cracking and Hydrogen Embrittlement of Iron Base Alloys , 351 – 358. [5] H. K. Birnbaum and P. Sofronis, 1994. Hydrogen-enhanced localized plasticity- a mechanism for hydrogen-related fracture. Mater. Sci. Eng. A , 176, 191 – 202. [6] R. Silverstein, D. Eliezer, and E. Tal-Gutelmacher. 2018. Hydrogen trapping in alloys studied by thermal desorption spectrometry. J. Alloys Compd. 747, 511 – 522. [7] R. Silverstein, O. Sobol, T. Boellinghaus, W. Unger, and D. Eliezer. 2017. Hydrogen behavior in SAF 2205 duplex stainless steel. J. Alloys Compd. 695, 2689 – 2695. [8] D. Eliezer, D. G. Chakrapani, C. J. Altstetter, and E. N. Pugh. 1979. The influence of austenite stability on the hydrogen embrittlement and stress- corrosion cracking of stainless steel. Metall. Trans. A . 10, 935 – 941. [9] E. Minkovitz, M. Talianker, and D. Eliezer. 1981. TEM investigation of hydrogen induced ε -hcp-martensite in 316L-type stainless steel. J. Mater. Sci. 16, 3506 – 3508. [10] P. Rozenak and D. Eliezer, 1987. Phase changes related to hydrogen- induced cracking in austenitic stainless steel. Acta Met. 35, 2329 – 2340. [11] P. Rozenak and D. Eliezer. 1988. Nature of the γ and γ*phases in austenitic s tainless steels cathodically charged with hydrogen. Metall. Trans. A . 19, 2860 – 2862. [12] S. Floreen and J. R. Mihalisim. 1965. High strength stainless steel by deformation in low temperature,” in Advances in the Technology of Stainless Steels and Related Alloys . 17 – 25. [13] H. M. Rietveld. 1969. A profile refinement method for nuclear and magnetic structures. J. Appl. Crystallogr. 2, 65 – 71. [14] R. Silverstein, D. Eliezer, B. Glam, S. Eliezer, and D. Moreno. 2015. Evaluation of hydrogen trapping mechanisms during performance of different hydrogen fugacity in a lean duplex stainless steel. J. Alloys Compd. 648, 601 – 608. [15] R. Silverstein, B. Glam, D. Eliezer, D. Moreno, and S. Eliezer. 2015. The Influence of Hydrogen on the Microstructure and Dynamic Strength of Duplex Stainless Steels. [16] R. Silverstein, D. Eliezer. 2017. Effects of residual stresses on hydrogen trapping in duplex stainless steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A , 684,64 – 70. [17] R. Silverstein and D. Eliezer. 2016 Hydrogen trapping energy levels and hydrogen diffusion at high and low strain rates (~10 5 s − 1 and 10 − 7 S − 1 ) in lean duplex stainless steel. Mater. Sci. Eng. A . 674, 419 – 427. [18] C. San Marchi, B. P. Somerday, and J. Zelinski. 2007. Mechanical properties of super suplex stainless steel 2507 after gas phase thermal precharging with hydrogen. Metall. Mater. Trans. A , 28, 2763 – 2775. [19] T. Zakroczymski, A. Glowacka, and W. Swiatnicki. 2005. Effect of hydrogen concentration on the embrittlement of a duplex stainless steel. Corros. Sci. 47, 1403 – 1414. [20] A. J. West and M. . Louthan. 1982. Hydrogen Effects on the Tensile properties of 21-6-9 stainless steel. Metall. Trans. A . 13, 2049 – 2058. [21] G. P. Tiwari, A. Bose et al. 2000. A study of internal hydrogen embrittlement of steels. Mater. Sci. Eng. A . 268, 269 – 281. [22] S. Lee and J. Lee. 1986. The trapping and transport phenomena of hydrogen in nickel. Metall. Trans. A . 17, 181 – 187. [23] A. Turnbull and R. B. Hutchings. Analysis of hydrogen atom transport in a two-phase alloy. Mater. Sci. Eng. A . 177, 161 – 171. [24] R. Silverstein, D. Eliezer et al. 2018. Dynamic deformation of hydrogen charged austenitic-ferritic steels: hydrogen trapping mechanisms, and simulations. J. Alloys Compd. 731, 1238 – 1246. [25] R. Silverstein, and D. Eliezer. 2017. Hydrogen trapping and hydrogen embrittlement of Mg alloys. J. Mater. Sci. 52, 11091 – 11100.