PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 147 –1475 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity A novel test rig for measuring bending fatigue using resonant behaviour C P Okeke a,b *, A N Thite a , J F Durodola a and M T Greenrod b a Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford – OX33 1HX, UK b Wipac Ltd, London Road, Buckingham, MK18 1BH, UK Abstract A novel test rig for bending fatigue test that based on specimen resonant behaviour has been developed. Determining bending fatigue properties of polymer materials with the standard test systems is challenging, and in some cases results are unattainable. This is particularly true of polymers that exhibit a high level of non-linearity and large deflection. This novel test setup is similar to that of four point bending arrangement resulting in a simple support. The loading is achieved by inertial effect of small masses mounted on the test specimen. A vibration shaker is used to base excite the specimen at the first resonance frequency until it breaks. The proposed test setup reduces the time taken to obtain Stress v/s number of cycles (S/N) curves, typically 1/10th of the universal testing machine based approach. The effect of nonlinearities can be reduced by application of larger loads at higher frequencies using large acceleration and smaller deflection combination. The results based on the proposed approach are in good agreement with tensile fatigue results. It has been successfully used to determine the bending fatigue properties of Polycarbonate (PC) of which determining the tensile fatigue properties were difficult to obtain. The significance of this novel test rig is that it accelerates the fatigue testing and allows the determination of the fatigue properties of some materials that cannot be obtained with existing systems. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Resonant, Polymer, Fatigue, Bending, Tensile, Nonlinearity, Novel, Rig, Deflection 1. Introduction Determining bending fatigue properties of polymer materials with the standard test systems is challenging, and in some cases results are unattainable. This is particularly true of polymers that exhibit a high level of non-linearity and large deflection. These characteristics have a significant influence on the determination of bending fatigue properties. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity A novel test rig for measuring bending fatigue using resonant behaviour C P Okeke a,b *, A N Thite a , J F Durodola a and M T Greenrod b a Department of Mechanical Engineering and Mathematical Sciences, Oxford Brookes University, Oxford – OX33 1HX, UK b Wipac Ltd, London Road, Buckingham, MK18 1BH, UK Abstract A novel test rig for bending fatigue test that based on specimen resonant behaviour has been developed. Determining bending fatigue properties of polymer materials wi h he standard te t syst ms i challenging, and in some cases results are unattainable. Th s is articularly true of poly ers that ex ibit a high level of non-linearity and lar e deflection. This novel test setup is similar to t at of four point bending arrang ment resulting in a simpl supp rt. The loadi g is achi ved by inert al eff ct of small ma ses mounted n the test specime . A vibration shaker is used to base excite the sp cimen at the first r sonanc frequen y until it bre k . The proposed est setu reduces the time taken to obtain Stress v/s number of cy les (S/N) curves, typically 1/10th of the unive s l testing machine based ap oach. The effect of nonlinearities can be red ced by application of larger loads at higher frequencies using large accelerat on and smaller deflection combination. The results bas on the pro osed appro ch are in good agreement with tensile fatigue r sults. It has been succ ssfully used to determine th bending fatigue properti s of Poly arbonate (PC) of which determi ing the tensil fatigue propertie were diffic lt to obtain. The significance of this novel test rig is that it accelerates the fatigue testing and a lows th determination of the fatigue properties of some materials that cannot be obtained with existing sy tems. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Resonant, Polymer, Fatigue, Bending, Tensile, Nonlinearity, Novel, Rig, Deflection 1. Introduction Determining bending fatigue properties of polymer materials with the standard test systems is challenging, and in some cases results are unattainable. This is particularly true of polymers that exhibit a high level of non-linearity and large deflection. These characteristics have a significant influence on the determination of bending fatigue properties. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 organizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-(0)1865-423011 E-mail address: c.okeke100@gmail.com, 14101309@brookes.ac.uk * Corresponding author. Tel.: +44-(0)1865-423011 E-mail ad ress: c.okeke100@gmail.com, 141 309@brookes.ac.uk

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.303