PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 13 (2018) 2 4–2 9 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Grain size influence on fatigue behaviour in a CuZnAl PE SMA V. Di Cocco a,* , F. Iacoviello a , F. Carlino a , S. Natali b a University of Cassino and southern Lazio, DICeM, via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy b Universit y of Rome “Sapienza”, DICMA, Via Eudossiana 18 , 00184, Rome, Italy Abstract Due to their capability to recover the initial shape, Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are widely used in many applications. Different grades are commercially available and they can be classified considering either their chemical compositions (Cu based, Ni based, Fe based and so on..) or according to their mechanical behaviour. The most used SMAs are the Ni based alloys thanks to their performances both in terms of mechanical resistance and in terms of fatigue resistance, but their costs are quite high. Cu based alloys are good compe itors of the Ni bas d alloys. The recent optimization of their chemic l composition improved both the corrosion resistance in aggressive environments and their mechanical performances. In this work, the influence of the grain size on fatigue crack propagation in two Cu-Zn-Al SMAs focusing on the damaging micromechanisms. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy; Grain Size; Fatigue Crack Propagation; Microstructure; Damaging micromechanisms 1. Introduction The ability to recover the ini ial shape lso aft r high deformation is the main ability of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) (Wisutmethangoon et al. (2009)). The SMAs material class is wide, covering F -based alloys (i.e. F -Pd, Fe Pt or Fe-Mn-Si), Au based alloys (i.e Au-Cu and Au-Cd), equiatomic and near-equiatomic Ni-Ti alloys (Zhang et al. (2016)) and Cu based alloys (Furlani et al. (2005), Lovey et al. (1999)) as Cu-Zn-Al that have been investigated in this work (Arnaboldi et al. (2011)). The shape memory property characterized by a pseudoelastic effect, is due to a reversible transition from a parent phase (usually named austenite) to a different phase (usually named martensite) without recrystallization due to mechanical loading. Instead, the inverse transformation (from martensite to austenite) is due to the temperature, which must be higher than a critical temperature. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Grain size influence on fatigue behaviour in a CuZnAl PE SMA V. Di Cocco a,* , F. Iacoviello a , F. Carlino a , S. Natali b a University of Cassino and southern Lazio, DICeM, via G. Di Biasio 43, 03043, Cassino, FR, Italy b Universit y of Rome “Sapienz ”, DICMA, Via Eudossiana 18 , 00184, Rome, Italy Abstract Due to their capability to recover the initial shape, Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) are widely used in many applications. Different grades ar commercially available and they can be cl ssified c nsidering either their chemical compositions (Cu based, Ni bas d, Fe based and so on..) or according to t ir mechanical behaviour. The most used SMAs are the Ni based alloys thanks to th ir p rformances both in terms f mechanical resistance and in terms of fatigue resistance, but their costs are quite high. Cu based alloys are good competitors of the Ni b sed alloys. The recent optimization of their chemical composition improved both the corro ion resistance in agg essive environm nts and their m hanical performances. In this work, the influence of the grain size on fatigue crack propagation in two Cu-Zn-Al SMAs focusing on the damaging mi romechanisms. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under respons bility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Cu-Zn-Al Shape Memory Alloy; Grain Size; Fatigue Crack Propagation; Microstructure; Damaging micromechanisms 1. Introduction The ability to recover the initial shap also after high deformation is the main ability of Shape Memory Alloys (SMAs) (Wisutmet angoon et al. (2009)). The SMAs material class is wide, covering Fe-based alloys (i.e. Fe-Pd, Fe Pt or Fe-Mn-Si), Au based alloys i.e Au-Cu and Au-Cd), equiatomic an near-equiatomic Ni-Ti alloys (Zhang et al. (2016)) and Cu based alloys (Furlani et al. (2005), Lovey et al. (1999)) as Cu-Zn-Al that have been investigat d in this work (Arna oldi et al. (2011)). The shape memory property characterized by a pseudoelastic ffect, is due to a reversible transition from a parent phase (usually named austenite) to a diff rent phase (usually named martensite) without recrystallization due to mechanical loading. Instead, the inverse transformation (from martensite to austenit is due to the temperature, which must be higher than a critical temp ature. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-07762994334; fax: +39-07762993733. E-mail address: v.dicocco@unicas.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-07762994334; fax: +39-07762993733. E-mail ad ress: v.dicocco@unicas.it

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.034