PSI - Issue 13

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structural Integrity 13 (2018) 1786–1791 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Int grity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Fatigue life of a railway wheel under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings H. Soares a , V. Anes b , M. Freitas a , L. Reis a* a IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais,1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal b Instituto Superior de Engenharia de Lisboa, Instituto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua Conselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract In this paper, a railway wheel material is under evaluation using multiaxial fatigue testing. The experiments were conducted using a servo-hydraulic machine with standardized specimens. All samples were machined from a single worn-out railway wheel. The damage scale between normal and shear stresses was evaluated in the normal stress space for proportional and non-promotional loadings. M reover, the un axial SN curves were obtained. A critical plane analysis was performed using theoretical criteria and experimental results. Results show a strong influence of heat treatments on the material fatigue behavior. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Stress Scale Factor (SSF); multiaxial fatigue; critical plane criteria, heat treatment, experiments 1. Introduction The railway system has an important role in developed countries. Nowadays it is possible to see passenger trains crossing continents and achieving impressive speeds; at the same time, cargo wagons are hitting load-by-axle records, Zucarelli (2016). In this context, railway wheels are an important safety item in the railway transport sector. This component is one of the most critical element of the train, receiving mechanical (vertical, lateral and longitudinal) and thermal loadings (friction between rail and wheel and brake system) Zucarelli (2013). Any problem in the wheel may lead to several consequences such as the overload in another component (leading to fracture), and in a critical situation, may lead to the train derailm nt with severe cons quenc s. Fatigue study is of the most importance for any mechanical component or structure subjected to dynamic loadings being the most common and unpredictable type of failure. It has ECF22 - Loading and Environmental effects on Structural Integrity Fatigue life of a railway wheel under uniaxial and multiaxial loadings H. Soares a , V. Anes b , M. Freitas a , L. Reis a* a IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais,1, 1049-001, Lisbon, Portugal b Instituto Superior de nge haria de Lisb a, Inst tuto Politécnico de Lisboa, Rua C nselheiro Emídio Navarro, 1, 1959-007, Lisbon, Portugal Abstract In this paper, a railway wheel material is under evaluation using multiaxial fatigue testing. The experiments were conducted using servo-hydraulic machine with stand rdized specimens. All samples were machined from a singl worn-out railway wheel. T e d ma e scale betwee normal and shear stresses was evaluated in the nor al stress space for proportional and non-promotional loadings. M eover, t uniaxial SN cur es w re obtained. A critical plan analysis was performed using theoretical criteria and xperimental results. Results show a strong influence of heat treatments on th material fati ue behavior. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. Keywords: Stress Scale Factor (SSF); multiaxial fatigue; critical plane criteria, heat treatment, experiments 1. Introduction The railway system has an important role in developed countries. Nowadays it is possible to see passenger trains crossing continents and achieving impressive speeds; at the same time, cargo wagons are hitting load-by-axle records, Zucarelli (2016). In this context, railway wheels are an important safety item in the railway transport sector. This component is one of the most critical element of the train, receiving mechanical (vertical, lateral and longitudinal) and thermal loadings (friction between rail and wheel and brake system) Zucarelli (2013). Any problem in the wheel may lead to sev ral consequences such as the overload in another component (leading to fracture), and in a critical situation, may lead to the train derailment with severe consequences. Fatigue study is of the most importance for any mechanical component or structure subjected to dynamic loadings being the most co mon and unpredictable type of failure. It has © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer review under r sponsibility of the ECF22 o ganizers. * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351-966-415-585; fax: +351-218-417-459. E-mail address: luis.g.reis@tecnico.ulisboa.pt * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351-966-415-585; fax: +351-218-417-459. E-mail address: l is.g reis@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the ECF22 organizers. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.12.362