PSI - Issue 11

J.H.A. Rocha et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 11 (2018) 99–106 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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This building presents many problems such as: lack of external cladding, inadequate (reduced) edge size, walls painted only with lime, deficient sealing of holes made in fiber cement tiles, deficient window caulking, wall cracks, and water stains, among others (Fig. 2 and 3).

Fig. 2. Problems found: (a) inadequate edge size and lack of external coating; (b) walls painted with lime and deficient hole sealing on the roof.

Fig. 3. Problems found: (a) deficient window caulking; (b) water stains.

An FLIR E-60 camera to carry out this test was used. Table 1 shows some camera manufacturer specifications. Readings were made at 3 and 4 m distance between equipment and infiltration site. Values for air relative humidity and environment temperature were recorded with a thermo-hygrometer.

Table 1. FLIR E-60 Camera Specifications Camera Specifications

E-60

Resolution

320 × 240 pixels

Thermal Sensitivity

< 0.05°C

Precision

±2°C or ±2% -20°C to 650°C 3.5” (320 x 240)

Temperature range Color touchscreen

Weight

0,825 kg

Source: FLIR (2013).

The subject wall test was carried out during the period from 8:00 AM to 5:00 PM, with a one-hour reading interval. Decision on a day to perform the test was based on previous days’ weather, that is, rainy days, because this criterion may or may not evidence visualization of areas affected by humidity. It is important to mention that this test was carried out in August, the end of winter, which is marked by some rainfall and wind occurrence. Kneaded aluminum foil was placed on the subject wall in order to establish a reflected temperature. A thermogram was taken using emissivity parameter = 1 and distance = 0, which results in the reflected temperature. The emissivity was determined by the black tape method, which consists of fixing a tape with known emissivity on the surface of the