PSI - Issue 11

Fabiana Silvero et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 11 (2018) 52–59 Silvero, et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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geometry, correspond to a single-family dwelling (see Figure 1 ). The thermal proper ties of the building’s envelope in the original state and the different improved solutions evaluated are summarised in Table 1 and Table 2. Aiming to improve the thermal performance of the roof, three different solutions were analysed, and the one with the best performance was used for the following dynamic simulations (R1a= insulation between clay tiles and wooden structure; R1b= see Table 1; R1c= inner insulation). To improve the performance of windows area, double glazing was considered (G1a). Subsequently, three different options were assessed for the walls (Option 1= external cladding with glass wool insulation; Option 2= inner cladding with 8cm hollow brick and 1cm air gap; Option 3= see Table 1). For the dynamic simulations, the metabolic factor was set to 1 for all thermal zones, as well as the values used for insulation clothing are 0.5 clo for the summer season and 1 clo for the winter season. The input parameters values varying according to each thermal zone are shown in Table 3. The climate under analysis corresponds to warm oceanic climate/humid subtropical climate denominated Cfa according to the climate classification system develop by Köppen-Geiger. The annual average temperatures in Paraguay is 24°C. The country has springs and winters with pleasant temperatures and very hot summers with a high percentage of humidity. In some regions, including Asunción, the temperature may exceed 41°C (SEAM, 2001).

Fig. 1. Case Study architectural blueprints and thermal envelope definition

Table 1. Description of the building’s envelope components. For each layer, the values of s (thickness), λ (thermal conductivity), c (specific heat), ρ (density), δ (periodic penetration depth) and ξ (ratio of the layer’s thickness to the penetration depth) are shown. Building component Material [inner to outer] s [m] λ [W/m K] c [J/Kg K] ρ [Kg/m 3 ] δ [m] ξ [-] ORIGINAL STATE OF THE BUILDING W1- Façade SE orientation 30cmWall

(a) Sand-lime plaster (b) Solid Brick Burned (c) Sand-lime plaster

0.015 0.270 0.015

1.15 0.85 1.15

1000 840 1000

1800 1500 1800

0.133 0.136 0.133

0.113 1.982 0.113

(a)(b)(c)

W2 - NE orientation 20cmWall

0.113 1.248 0.113

0.133 0.136 0.133

1800 1500 1800

1000 840 1000

1.15 0.85 1.15

0.015 0.170 0.015

(a) Sand-lime plaster (b) Solid Brick Burned (c) Sand-lime plaster

(a)(b)(c)

W3 – NE, NW and SW 15cmWall

0.113 0.881 0.113 0.059 0.113 0.617

0.133 0.136 0.133 0.168 0.133 0.162

1800 1500 1800 2550 1800 2240

1000 840 1000 840 1000 840

1.15 0.85 1.15 2.21 1.15 1.80

0.015 0.120 0.015 0.010 0.015 0.100

(a) Sand-lime plaster (b) Solid Brick Burned (c) Sand-lime plaster (a) Calcareous tile (b) Soil-sand screed (c) Granular subbase

(a)(b)(c)

F1 - Calcareous Floor