PSI - Issue 10

K. Christopoulos et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 10 (2018) 171–178 K. Christopoulos et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000 – 000

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Aegean Archipelagos islands. On the basis of the experimental measurements received, the average energy requirements of similar installations per capita vary between 540 and 730 kWh e /year, depending also on the technology adopted. Taking also into consideration the available solar potential of the entire Aegean Sea area, the corresponding photovoltaic peak power demand ranges between 350 and 470W p , a quite rational value that guarantees the annual water needs coverage per person. Recapitulating, the energy requirements of small desalination units, appropriate for remote small and medium sized islands, have been experimentally analyzed for various operational (salinity, pressure values) conditions, proving the ability of the available renewable energy potential to support their operation on the basis of clean-green energy. Gilbert, C., 2009. Avoiding Testing Errors: Protecting RO Membranes from Chlorine Damage. WaterWorld Magazine, available at: http://www. waterworld.com Kaldellis, J.K., Gkikaki, Ant., Kaldelli, El., Kapsali, M., 2012. Investigating the energy autonomy of very small non-interconnected islands case study: Agathonisi, Greece. Energy for Sustainable Development 16, 476-485. Kaldellis, J.K., Kavadias, K.A., Kondili, E., 2004. Renewable energy desalination plants for the Greek islands, technical and economic considerations. Desalination 170(2), 187-203. Kaldellis, J.K., Kondili, E.M., 2007. The water shortage problem in the Aegean Archipelago islands: cost-effective desalination prospects. Desalination 216(1-3), 123-138. Kaldellis, J.K., Zafirakis, D., Kondili, E., 2010. Optimum sizing of photovoltaic-energy storage systems for autonomous small islands. International Journal of Electrical Power & Energy Systems 32(1), 24-36. Kondili, E., Kaldellis, J.K., 2008. Development and operation issues of a decision support system for water management in areas with limited water resources. Fresenius Environmental Bulletin 17(9b), 1412-1419. Kondili, E., Kaldellis, J.K., Papapostolou, C., 2010. A novel systemic approach to water resources optimization in areas with limited water resources. Desalination 250(1), 297-301. Lewis, E.L., 1980. The practical salinity scale 1978 and its antecedents. IEEE Journal of Oceanic Engineering OE-5(1), 3-8. Mourmouris, J.C., Potolias, C., 2013. A multi-criteria methodology for energy planning and developing renewable energy sources at a regional level: A case study Thassos, Greece. Energy Policy 52, 522-530. Ocean Data View, available at: https://odv.awi.de/ Schemel, L.E., 2001. Simplified conversions between specific conductance and salinity units for use with data from monitoring stations. IEP Newsletter 14(1), 17-18. Stefopoulou, A., Soulis, K., Papapetrou, M., Kyritsis, S., Epp, C., 2008. Institutional and policy framework analysis in relation to the application of autonomous desalination systems-Greece. Desalination 220, 455-467. UNESCO, 1983. Algorithms for computation of fundamental properties of seawater. UNESCO technical papers in marine science 44, 1-55. Villacorte, L.O., Tabatabai, S.A.A., Dhakal, N., Amy, G., Schippers, J.C., Kennedy, M.D., 2014. Algal blooms: an emerging threat to seawater reverse osmosis desalination. Journal of Desalination and Water Treatment 55, 2601-2611. Wagner, R.J., Boulger, R.W. Jr., Oblinger, C.J., Smith, B.A., 2006. Guidelines and standard procedures for continuous water-quality monitors Station operation, record computation, and data reporting: U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods 1-D3, 51, accessed April 10, 2018, available at http://pubs.water.usgs.gov/tm1d3. References