PSI - Issue 1

ScienceDirect Procedia Structural Integrity 1 (2016) 212–217 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com Sci ceDirect Structural Integ ity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Failure analysis in railway wheels T. A. Zucarelli a M. A. Vieira b L. A. Moreira Filho c , D. A. P. Reis b , L. Reis b * a UNIFESP, Universidade Federal de São Paulo, Campus São José dos Campos, Av. Talim, 330, 12231-280, Brasil b IDMEC, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c ITA, Instituto Tecnológico de Aeronáutica, DCTA São José dos Campos, Praça das Acácias. Abstract This work describes an investigation on underground-train wheel failure. In the railway operation, the contact temperature between the wheel and the rail does not usually achieves values over 300°C; still, in some situations, such as slide or braking system clamping, the thermal energy is high enough to austenitise the material near the surface. Quick cooling is a consequence of the great volume of the wheel. The thermal affected zone is a core for micro cracks, which grow inside the wheel. The present paper studies a real failure case in the Brazilian underground system, where cracks on the contact surface were evidenced. The mechanical properties were evaluated (mechanical strength, ductility, toughness fracture) and a metallurgical analysis (by light micro copy) was performed in order to understand the real cause for the crack nucleation. The studied wheel was manufactured according to the American standard AAR M-107 (Association of American Railway) specification and the mechanical tests (location of the sample and procedure test) were perfor ed in accordance with BS EN 12626 standard (European Standard). The mechanical results are in accordance to MWL Brasil data base (manufacturing historic) to the same material (AAR Class B – 0,5% C). The optical microscopy evidenced the location of the crack origin, and confirmed the overheating region. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: Fracture, Failures Analysis, Railway Wheels, Thermal Affected Zone. e o Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Publ shed by Elsevier B.V. This s n open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://cr ativecommons.org/license /by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PC 2016.

© 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 1. Introduction

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. The idea of using tracked roads is as old as, at least 2000 years. Primitive cars pulled by animals were found in quarries in ancient Greece, Malta and Roman E pire, used for stone transportation Setti, J. B (2000). Time after

* Corresponding author. Tel.: Tel.: +351 966415585. E-mail address: luis.g.reis@ist.utl.pt

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2015 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license ( http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/ ). Peer review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 10.1016/j.prostr.2016.02.029