PSI - Issue 39

Abdoullah Namdar / Procedia Structural Integrity 39 (2022) 57–64 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

63

7

zone. The histogram also revealed that the displacement of the model in the cracking model is increasing. In this study, the histogram shows the displacement of the model in the positive direction only. The outcome of this study demonstrates for minimizing displacement and enhancing seismic stability of the gravity retaining wall and clayey backfill soil. The enhancement mechanical properties of the soil supports for stop initiation and extending the crack on the clayey soil.

16 (b)

16 (a)

Model - 2, with 3 cracks

Model - 1, without crack

14

14

12

12

10

10

8

8

6

6

Frequency

Frequency

4

4

2

2

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0

-10 0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100 0

Displacement (mm)

Displacement (mm)

Fig. 7. The displacement frequency for soil; (a) model-1 and (b) model-2.

.

Figure 8 determines the nonlinear displacement range of the models 1 and 2. The cracked model exhibits with more nonlinear displacement and deformation. In model 2, with the 3 cracks in the backfill, the nonlinear displacement is initiating from the beginning of applying seismic load on the model. Concerning the range of the differential displacement in models 1 and 2, it is expecting two different collapse mechanisms for models 1 and 2. The crack on the soil significantly influences the nonlinear lateral pressure on an earth structure. For minimizing applying nonlinear lateral pressure on an earth structure, improving the mechanical properties of the soil are required. Figure 8 shows. The controlling and transmission of the seismic loading in the soil is predictable using Figures 7 and 8. Future research work is required to consider an economical method for improving mechanical properties of the soil to enhancement tensile and shear strength of soil, which leads to control crack of the soil in the crack zone of a backfill.

80

60

40

Range

20

0

Model - 1, without crack Model - 2, with 3 cracks

Fig. 8. The displacement range association to soil crack.