PSI - Issue 39

Abdoullah Namdar / Procedia Structural Integrity 39 (2022) 57–64 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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results of the numerical simulation, the statistical model was proposed for the interpretation and verifying of the results. 2. Method of investigation The clayey backfill soil modeled. The NFEM and statistical are used for the evolution of the model seismic response and stability through the assessment displacement mechanism. Figure 1 shows the gravity retaining wall and clayey backfill soil. The seismic load was applying at the base of the clayey backfill soil model. The boundary condition of the model is developing by applying the seismic loading in the three directions. The cracked zone on the backfill was calculated using analytical method. The passive load due to the weight of the clayey backfill soil and the lateral movement of the soil was calculated. Figure 1 depicts the cracked zone of the backfill subjected by the seismic load. The cracked zone, solid zone, earth pressure beneath the model, the earth pressure at top of the model are shown in Figure 1. The equations 1- 4 are adopted in the analytical process (Rajapakse, 2016). In the cracked zone and the solid zone of the backfill, the density and cohesion of the soil clay are the main factors. In comparing the earth pressure at the top of the model compared the earth pressure at the beneath of the model, the cohesion of the soil is the important factor for load transmission. Additionally, the density of the clay soil impacts the earth pressure beneath the model. Based on the results of the analytical process from the following four equations the modeling in the numerical simulation was made, using ABAQUS software. = = 2 / (1) = = ℎ = − 2 / (2) = ℎ ℎ = ( ℎ − 2 ) (3) = ℎ = ( 2 ) (4)

h = H t - 2c / γ

Cracked zone = 2c / γ

( 2c )

2c / γ

H t

h

P a

Location applying seismic load

( γh - 2c )

Fig. 1. The clayey backfill and gravity concrete retaining wall model.