PSI - Issue 39

Abdoullah Namdar / Procedia Structural Integrity 39 (2022) 47–56 Author name / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000–000

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1. Introduction The nonexistence of sufficient tensile strength of the soil foundation leads to an acceleration collapse mechanism when the embankment is nonlinearly vibrating. For the construction of most geotechnical engineering infrastructures are required to improve the low tensile strength of the soil. Nomenclature E Modulus elasticity ϕ Friction angle ψ Dilatancy angle C Cohesion γ Unit weight ν Poisson’s ratio G Shear modulus Y s Yield stress For upgrade understanding of load transmission from the structural elements to the soil, the mixing soil techniques studied, with a focus on bearing capacity of the soil at each mixing soil model, and using basic soils are available in the local site (Namdar et al., 2009). The micro and macrostructure of the soil along with the mechanical properties of the soil influence the strength of soil (Tang et al., 2021; Namdar et al., 2010). The mangrove was introducing for strengthening soil stability when subjecting to the dynamic loading from the tsunami (Namdar et al., 2010). The mangrove is a natural reinforcing soil that can improve the shear strength and tensile strength of the soil and minimizing the crack developing on the soil when the soil is subjecting to linear and nonlinear loads. The problem in using the vegetable in the reinforcing soil relates to control in positively growing vegetables and provide a suitable climate at each construction project. However, to minimizing crack possibility on the soil, it needs to have a controlled soil-reinforcing design for appropriate engineering decision-making. Several experiments were performing in the laboratory, for explanation minimizing shear, flexural, and intermediate shear-flexural cracks due to applying static load (Namdar et al., 2013). From the crack on material starting because of the fatigue (Iacoviello et al., 2013; Iacoviello et al., 2015; Iacoviello et al., 2019), and creation of the flexural crack on material subjecting to nonlinear loading (Namdar et al., 2016), understood that the shearing crack and intermediate shear-flexural crack can extend with applying nonlinear loading. Since strengthening materials are performing by natural minerals (Namdar et al., 2013), these natural minerals helping in strengthening soil, but still, for minimizing the impact of cracks on the soil, the soil reinforcement is needed. In addition, with attention to literature on the strain energy related to the fracture (Ayatollahi et al., 2005; Lazzarin et al., 2005; Lazzarin et al., 201o), the strain energy density controlling using reinforcing soil needs to investigate. The vibration mechanism of the structure is associated with soil-structure interaction (Namdar, 2020a), and the vertical displacement of embankment due to seismic loading studied without considering the crack on the embankment and subsoil (Namdar et al., 2013). A minimized analytical method proposed to study lateral displacement of the single pile (Namdar, 2021a). For either the vertical or the horizontal displacements of the structural or substructure, the appropriate boundary condition needs in the nonlinear finite element analysis (Namdar, 2021b). The mechanism of the cracking soil requires analyzing the type of the earth structure and applying loads. Both structural geometry and the nature of the applying load on the model govern the vibration mechanisms of the model. It reported the prediction of the results of the finite element method and experimental results (Namdar, 2020b; Bordonaro et al., 2018; Lei et al., 2019). The statistical modeling and analysis significantly support in interpretation huge number of the data, and it makes easy to reach a concrete result in all branch of the science. Soil reinforcement is an effective technique for enhancement the tensile strength of the soil. The crack mechanism of soil needs to investigate and understand for the impact of the steel bars in the enhancement of the soil shear strengths. In the present work, to evaluate soil crack on the embankment failure mechanism, the seismic response of the embankment-subsoil is numerically simulated. To minimize the possibility of collapsing the embankment-subsoil