PSI- Issue 9

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ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 9 (2018) 311–316 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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IGF Workshop “Fracture and Structural Integrity” IGF Workshop “Fracture and Structural Integrity”

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Notch-induced anisotropic fracture of cold drawn pearlitic steels and the associated cra k path d flection and mixed-mode stress state: A Tribute to Masaccio Jesús Toribio* Fracture & Structural Integrity Research Group (FSIRG), University of Salamanca (USAL) E.P.S., Campus Viriato, Avda Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain Abstract This paper deals with notch-induced anisotropic fracture behavior of progressively cold drawn pearlitic steels on the basis of their microstructural evolution during manufacturing by multi-step cold drawing that produces slenderizing and orientation of the pearlitic colonies, together with densification and orientation of the Fe/Fe 3 C lamellae, reviewing previous research by the author. Results of fracture test using notched specimens of cold drawn pearlitic steels with different degrees of cold drawing (distinct levels of strain hardening) in air and hydrogen environment shows: (i) the key impact of the colonies and lamellae alignment and orientation on n tch-induced fracture, producing anis tropic fracture behavior with its related crack path deflection (or fracture path deviation); (ii) th necessity of both stres triaxiality (co tr int) and microstr ctu al orientation (colon es/lamellae) alignment to produce fra ture path deflection; (iii) ydrog n presence (the circumstance ) promotes crack path deviati n, in addition to the inherent microstructural an so ropy c ate by cold drawing; (iv) the anisotropic fracture path with a stepped profile in cold drawn pearlitic steel, consisting of defle tions nd deviations from the initial transverse f acture path in mode I, resembles Masaccio’s Tribute Money painting with its mountai s at the background, so that the present paper can be considered as a Tribute to Masaccio. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. Notch-induced anisotropic fracture of cold drawn pearlitic steels and the associated crack path deflection and mixed-mode stress state: A Tribute to Masaccio Jesús Toribio* Fracture & Structural Integrity Research Group (FSIRG), University of alamanca (USAL) E.P.S., Campus Viriato, Avda Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain Abstract This paper de ls with n tch-induced anisotropic fracture behavior of progressively cold drawn pearlitic steels on the basis of their microstructural evolution during manufacturing by multi-step cold drawing that produc s slenderizing and orientation of the pearlitic colonies, together with densification a d rientation of the Fe/Fe 3 C lamellae, reviewing previous research by the author. Results of fracture test using notched specimens of cold drawn pearlitic st els with different degrees of cold drawing (distinct levels of strain hardening) in air and hydrogen environment shows: (i) the key impact of the colonies and lamellae alignment and orientation on notch-induced fracture, producing anisotropic fra ture behavior with its related crack path deflection (or fracture path d viation); (ii) the nec ssity of both stress triaxiality (constraint) and microstructural orientation (colonies/l mellae) lignment to produce fracture path deflection; (iii) hydrogen presence (the circumstance ) r mot s crack path devi tion, in addition to the inher nt microstructural anisotr py cr ated by c ld drawi g; (iv) the anisotropic fractu e path with a steppe profile in c ld drawn pe rlitic steel, consisting of deflectio s d eviations fr the initial transverse fractu e path in mode I, resembles Masaccio’s Tribute Mon y painting with i s mountains at the backg ound, so that the p sent paper can be cons d red as a Tribute to Masaccio. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2018 The Author . P blished by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. Keywords: eutectoid steel; pearlitic steel; cold drawing; cold drawn pearlitic steel; microstructural anisotropy; anisotropic fracture behavior; strength anisotropy; fracture crack paths; crack deflection; constraint effects. Keywords: eutectoid steel; pearlitic steel; old drawing; cold drawn p arlitic steel; microstructural anisotropy; anisotropic fracture behavior; strength anisotropy; fracture crack paths; crack deflection; constraint effects.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-980-545000; fax: +34-980-545002. E-mail address: toribio@usal.es * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +34-980-545000; fax: +34-980-545002. E-mail address: toribio@usal.es

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.06.015 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2018 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo.