PSI- Issue 9

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ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at www.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 9 (2018) 317–322 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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IGF Workshop “Fracture and Structural Integrity” IGF Workshop “Fracture and Structural Integrity”

XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. Microstructure-based anisotropic fatigue behavior of hot rolled and cold drawn pearlitic steel wires and the corresponding crack paths: Following the wake of Antonio Machado and Fray Luis de León Jesús Toribio* Fracture & Structural Integrity Research Group (FSIRG), University of Salamanca (USAL) E.P.S., Campus Viriato, Avda Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain This paper deals with the microstructure-based anisotropic fatigue behavior of hot rolled and cold drawn pearlitic steel wires, showing that: (i) the corresponding fatigue crack paths in both the hot rolled bar and the heavily cold drawn wire develop in global mode I in both materials , i.e., no macroscopic ( apparent ) anisotropic effect arise in the matter of fatigue crack propagation, in spite on the inherent microstructural anisotropy produced by heavy drawing in the commercial prestressing steel in the form of orientation and alignment in the wire axis or cold drawing direction of both microstructural levels of pearlitic colonies and lamellae; (ii) at a finer microstructural level, the associated fatigue cra k paths in both the hot rolled bar a the heavily cold drawn wir dev lop in local mixed mode in both materials ( anisotropic fatigue behav or; locally multiaxial fatigue crack growth ), i. ., a m roscopic ( real ) anisotropic ffec arise i the matter of fatigue crack propagation linked with the lam llae alignment and rientation; (iii) this local anisotropy of fatigue esistan e allows correction of the fatigue c ack grow h equation (Paris Law) to consider t e re l fatigue cr ck path in l cal mixed mode instead of the apparent fatigue crack path in global mode I ; (iv) these fatigue crack paths recall the ord by Antonio Machado “se hace camino al andar” and the composit lamellar microstructure of pearlite recalls Fray Luis de León “y entrambas a porfía mezclan una dulcísima armonía”. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. Microstructure-based anisotropic fatigue behavior of hot rolled and cold drawn pearlitic steel wires and the corresponding crack paths: Following the wake of Antonio Machado and Fray Luis de León Jesús Toribio* Fracture & Structural Integrity Research Group (FSIRG), University of alamanca (USAL) E.P.S., Campus Viriato, Avda Requejo 33, 49022 Zamora, Spain Abstract This paper deals with the microstructure-based anisotropic fatigue behavior of hot rolled and cold drawn pearlitic steel wires, sh wing that: (i) the corresponding fatigue crack paths in both the hot rolled bar and the heavily cold drawn wire develop in gl b l mode I in b th materials , i.e., no macroscopic ( apparent ) anisotropic effect arise in the atter of fatigue crack propagation, in spite on the inherent icrostructural anisotr py pro uced by heavy drawing in the commercial pr stressing steel in the form of orientation nd alignment in the wire axis or cold dr wing direction of both microstructural lev ls of pearlitic colonies and lamellae; (ii) at a finer microstructural level, t e associated fatigue crack paths in both the hot rolled bar and th heavily cold drawn wire develop in loc l mixed mode in both materials ( anisotropic f ti behavior; locally multiaxial fatigu crack growth ), i.e., a microscopic ( real ) anisotropic effect arise in the m tter of fatigue crack pr pagation linked with the lamellae alignment an orientation; (iii) this local anisotropy of fatigue resistance allows a correction of the fatigue crack growth equation (Paris Law) to consid r the real fatigue crack path in local mixed mo e nstead of the app rent fatigue c a k path in gl al mode I ; (iv) these fatigue crack paths recall th words by Antonio Machado “se h ce c mino al andar” and the composite lamell r mic ostructure of pearlit recalls Fray Luis de León “y entrambas a porfía mezclan una dulcísima ar onía”. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. © 2018 The Author . P blished by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. Keywords: eutectoid steel; pearlitic steel; cold drawing; cold drawn pearlitic steel; microstructural anisotropy; anisotropic fatigue behavior; strength anisotropy; fatigue crack paths; conventional Paris Law; actual Paris Law; crack deflection. Keywords: eutectoid steel; pearlitic steel; cold drawing; cold drawn pearlitic steel; microstructural anisotropy; anisotropic fatigue behavior; strength anisotropy; fatigue crack paths; conventional Paris Law; actual Paris Law; crack deflection. Abstract

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +34-980-545000; fax: +34-980-545002. E-mail address: toribio@usal.es * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +34-980-545000; fax: +34-980-545002. E-mail address: toribio@usal.es

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.06.009 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2018 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo.