PSI- Issue 9

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedirect.com cienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 9 (2018) 179–185 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2018) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. IGF Workshop “Fracture and Structural Integrity” Mechanical performances increasing of natural stones by GFRP sandwich structures Costanzo Bellini a *, Wilma Polini a , Luca Sorrentino a , Sandro Turchetta a a Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, University of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via G. di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy Abstract Natural stone is generally used in the buildings decoration and furniture finishes for its aesthetic properties and durability. However, its brittle nature limits its applications, in fact the tensile strength of stone is considerably less than its compression strength; this disparity can limit the use of stone in applications where tensile and flexural strength capacity is required, such as for long spans or thin sections. The aim of this work is to investigate the use of sandwich structural laminate in composite materials as external reinforcement both to increase the mechanical resistance and to decrease weight of natural stone. High strength glass/epoxy laminates were bonded to the lower surfaces of marble and granite beams, and 3-point bend and short-beam tests were performed on reinforced and unreinforced specimens. Results indicate that external composite reinforcement can increase the mechanical pro rty of both types of stone up to an order of magnitude as compare to unreinf rced control sampl s. © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. Keywords: marble; granite; glass/epoxy laminate; 3-point bending test; short beam test 1. Introduction During the 1960s, researchers in outh Africa and France investigated the use of external steel reinforcing to strengthen existing concrete bridges and buildings. Thin steel plates were bonded with epoxy to the tension face of concrete beams to provide additional local stiffness. Subsequently, Mays (1985) applied this technique to reinforce IGF Workshop “Fracture and Structural Integrity” Mechanical performances increasing of natural stones by GFRP sandwich structures Costanzo Bellini *, Wilma Polini a , Luca Sorrentino a , Sandro Turchetta a a Department of Civil and Mechanical Engineering, U iversity of Cassino and Southern Lazio, via G. di Biasio 43, 03043 Cassino, Italy Abstract Natural stone is generally used in the buildings decoration and furniture finishes for its aesthetic properties and durability. However, its brittle n ture limits its applicatio s, in fact the tensil strength of stone is considerably less than its compression strength; thi disparity an limit the use of stone in applications where tensile and flexural strength capacity is required, such as for long spans or thin section . The aim of t is work is to investigat the use of sandwich structur l laminat in composite materials as external r inforcement both o increase the m chanical resistance and to d crease weight of natural stone. High strength glass/ poxy la inates were bon ed to the lower surfaces of marble and gr ni e b ams, and 3-poi be d and short-beam te ts wer performed on re forced and unreinforced spec m ns. Resul s indicate that external comp sit reinforcement can increase the mechanical property of both types of stone up to an order of magnitude as compared to unreinforc d control samples. © 2018 The Autho s. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. Keywords: marble; granite; glass/epoxy laminate; 3-point bending test; short beam test 1. Introduction During the 1960s, researchers in South Africa and France investigated the use of external steel reinforcing to strengthen existing concrete bridges and bu ldings. Thin steel plates were bo ded with epoxy to the tension face of concrete beams to provide additional local stiffness. Subsequently, Mays (1985) applied this technique to reinforce © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. 2452-3216  2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. 10.1016/j.prostr.2018.06.028 * Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452 3216 © 2018 Th Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. 2452-3216 © 2018 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Gruppo Italiano Frattura (IGF) ExCo. * Correspon ing author. Tel.: +39-0776-2993698; fax: +39-0776-2993546. E-mail address: costanzo.bellini@unicas.it * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-0776-2993698; fax: +39-0776-2993546. E-mail address: costanzo.bellini@unicas.it