PSI - Issue 84

ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2026) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 214–222

III Fabre Conference: Existing Bridges, Viaducts, and Tunnels: Research, Innovation, and Applications Optimizing Remote Sensing for Bridge and Viaduct Monitoring: Innovations, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned Michela Pulsoni a *, Lorenzo Gianfranceschi a , Paolo Clemente a,b , Alessandro Brunetti a , III Fabre Conference: Existing Bridges, Viaducts, and Tunnels: Research, Innovation, and Applications Optimizing Remote Sensing for Bridge and Viaduct Monitoring: Innovations, Best Practices, and Lessons Learned Michela Pulsoni a *, Lorenzo Gianfranceschi a , Paolo Clemente a,b , Alessandro Brunetti a ,

Raffaele D’Angelo a , Paolo Mazzanti a,c a Nhazca s.r.l, Via Vittorio Bachelet 12, Rome, 00185, Italy b ENEA Casaccia Research Center,Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, 00123, Italy c Sapienza University, Rome, Italy Raffaele D’Angelo a , Paolo Mazzanti a,c a Nhazca s.r.l, Via Vittorio Bachelet 12, Rome, 00185, Italy b ENEA Casaccia Research Center,Via Anguillarese 301, Rome, 00123, Italy c Sapienza University, Rome, Italy

© 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference Abstract The monitoring of bridges and viaducts has become a strategic priority for ensuring infrastructure safety and durability, especially considering aging structural assets and recent critical events. In this context, remote sensing technologies are emerging as essential tools to support and enhance traditional inspection and monitoring systems, due to their ability to acquire data quickly, continuously, non-invasively, and with high precision. Among the most promising technologies, TInRAR (Terrestrial Interferometric Real Aperture Radar) proves particularly effective in analyzing deck deformation behavior during testing phases or under operational loads. At the same time, Photomonitoring enables continuous and automated visual monitoring, allowing for the detection of material anomalies, surface degradation, or debris accumulation on piers. Lastly, satellite-based InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) offers the capability to analyze slow deformations and differential displacements over large areas and historical timescales, complementing in-situ observations. This contribution presents a comparative analysis of the main operational features, application benefits, and technical limitations of each technique, highlighting their potential when used in an integrated approach. To support this analysis, a selection of case studies is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining these technologies in real-world bridge monitoring scenarios and showcasing the challenges encountered and solutions implemented. In conclusion, the study proposes a set of best practices for the design and management of remote monitoring systems, with particular attention to the selection of the most suitable technology, cost-benefit analysis, integrated data management, and interoperability among institutions and monitoring platforms. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference Keywords: monitoring; TInRAR; TInSAR; Photomonitoring; InSAR; viaducts monitoring; best practise Abstract The monitoring of bridges and viaducts has become a strategic priority for ensuring infrastructure safety and durability, especially considering aging structural assets and recent critical events. In this context, remote sensing technologies are emerging as essential tools to support and enhance traditional inspection and monitoring systems, due to their ability to acquire data quickly, continuously, non-invasively, and with high precision. Among the most promising technologies, TInRAR (Terrestrial Interferometric Real Aperture Radar) proves particularly effective in analyzing deck deformation behavior during testing phases or under operational loads. At the same time, Photomonitoring enables continuous and automated visual monitoring, allowing for the detection of material anomalies, surface degradation, or debris accumulation on piers. Lastly, satellite-based InSAR (Interferometric Synthetic Aperture Radar) offers the capability to analyze slow deformations and differential displacements over large areas and historical timescales, complementing in-situ observations. This contribution presents a comparative analysis of the main operational features, application benefits, and technical limitations of each technique, highlighting their potential when used in an integrated approach. To support this analysis, a selection of case studies is presented, demonstrating the effectiveness of combining these technologies in real-world bridge monitoring scenarios and showcasing the challenges encountered and solutions implemented. In conclusion, the study proposes a set of best practices for the design and management of remote monitoring systems, with particular attention to the selection of the most suitable technology, cost-benefit analysis, integrated data management, and interoperability among institutions and monitoring platforms. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference Keywords: monitoring; TInRAR; TInSAR; Photomonitoring; InSAR; viaducts monitoring; best practise

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-06-9506-5820. E-mail address: michela.pulsoni@nhazca.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +39-06-9506-5820. E-mail address: michela.pulsoni@nhazca.com

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference 2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.06.029