PSI - Issue 84

Lorenzo Brezzi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 1159–1166

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Fig. 3. Propagation of the sliding mass with average soil parameters.

4. Results The results of the numerical simulations are presented with the objective of characterising the potential interaction between rapid landslide scenarios and the analysed viaduct, rather than reproducing a specific historical event. The focus is therefore placed on (i) the spatial extent and magnitude of final deposits, (ii) the dynamic conditions at the time of interaction, and (iii) the resulting estimates of impact forces, explicitly accounting for the variability associated with rheological uncertainty.

Fig. 4. Average values and standard deviations of the final deposit height, considering all the 200 simulations and the two scenarios.

Fig. 4 shows the spatial distribution of the final landslide deposit thicknesses for the two considered initiation scenarios, expressed in terms of mean values and associated standard deviations derived from the ensemble of Monte Carlo simulations. In both scenarios, the simulated runout paths extend downslope towards the viaduct area, confirming the potential for indirect interaction between rapid landslide phenomena and the infrastructure. In the single-landslide scenario, the final deposit attains non-negligible thicknesses beneath and in the immediate vicinity of the viaduct, with values ranging from 0.9 to 2.7 m. In the double-landslide scenario, the deposited material extends