PSI - Issue 84

Marco Barla et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 441–448

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3. Monitoring The comprehensive structural and geotechnical monitoring system was activated on 18 October 2024. The system includes crack meters, wall clinometers, piezometers, inclinometers, a meteorological station (thermometer and rain gauge), DMS-i accelerometers, a ground-based interferometric radar (GBInSAR), and an automated total station. Monitoring data were continuously interpreted to assess slope behaviour during construction activities and rainfall events (Fig. 4). Between 18 and 27 October 2024, rapid and significant slope displacements were recorded, in close correlation with two intense rainfall events. From early November onwards, following both the reduction in precipitation and the initiation of stabilization works, a progressive deceleration of movements was observed. In the subsequent months, displacement rates continued to decrease, reaching very low values by April 2025, with only minor temporary accelerations linked to rainfall events or construction phases. Although slope movements have not completely ceased, their velocity has been significantly reduced by the implemented mitigation measures, and no critical accelerations were detected even during major rainfall events in April 2025.

Fig. 4. Main monitoring data obtained from the sensors installed. The vertical coloured bands indicate the construction activities described in §2.