PSI - Issue 84

Andrea Mileto et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 829–836

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lever arm may produce a torsional effect comparable to that generated by a larger load acting with a smaller lever arm. It turns out that both the skewness and the choice of the objective function may influence the results, with clear implications on the inverse problem and on the identification capability. Table 1. Summary of the considered loads for case 1. [−] 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1 [kN] 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60 2 [kN] 60 64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96 100 [kN] 80 88 96 104 112 120 128 136 144 152 160 [kN] 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40 40

Fig. 1. Results of the sensitivity analysis for case 1.

3.2. Case 2 ( = const ) Table 2 shows the computed load simulations, where = 1 0 / 1 , as in the previous case. The results are showed in Fig. 2, using the same conventions of Fig. 1. Here too, the skewness and the objective function influence the results; furthermore, it is clearly shown how the objective function , which also includes the maximum and minimum accelerations, allows for the reduction of the areas in which more solutions are equivalent for identification purposes (error less than 0.01). Table 2. Summary of the considered loads for case 2. [−] 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1.0 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5 1 [kN] 20 24 28 32 36 40 44 48 52 56 60