PSI - Issue 84

Lorenzo Brezzi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 473–480

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without a critical reassessment of their current performance, may therefore contribute to an underestimation of landslide hazard at Level 2. Overall, the results indicate that Level 2 landslide risk assessment cannot be reduced to a procedural verification of mapped phenomena. It requires an interpretative approach in which expert judgment, informed by field evidence and supported by observations at an appropriate spatial scale, plays a central role in recognizing hazards that may not yet have produced structural damage, but whose consequences may be sudden and severe once a triggering event occurs. By grounding these considerations in real inspection experiences, this work provides operational insights that complement the existing framework of the Italian Guidelines and support a more robust application of Level 2 assessments in complex geomorphological settings. Acknowledgements This study was supported by FABRE – “Research consortium for the evaluation and monitoring of bridges, viaducts and other structures” (www.consorziofabre.it/en). Any opinion expressed in the paper does not necessarily reflect the view of the founder. We would like to thank Tecne S.p.A. for the financial support provided for the PhD scholarship of one of the authors of this work. References Gabrieli, F., Gibin F., Brezzi, L., Mangraviti, V., Cernuto, E., Lupatelli, A., Salciarini, D., Mammoliti, E., Dezi, F., Stacul, S., Squeglia, N., Doglioni, A., Simeone, V., Simonini, P., 2025. Understanding Landslide-Bridge Interactions through a Comprehensive Analysis of a Global Case Study Database. International Journal of Bridge Engineering, Management and Research 2(2), 214250012-1. https://doi.org/10.70465/ber.v2i2.20 Hungr, O., 2007. Dynamics of Rapid Landslides, in “Progress in Landslide Science” . In: Sassa, H., Kyoji, W. F., Fukuoka, W. G. (Eds.). Springer, Berlin Heidelberg, pp. 47–57. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-540-70965-7_4 Lu, Y. E., Zhang, L. M., 2012. Analysis of failure of a bridge foundation under rock impact.Acta Geotechnica7(1), 57-68. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11440-011-0156-1 Ministry for Sustainable Infrastructure and Mobility (MIMS), Ministerial decree 204 on 01.07.2022. Guidelines for the classification and management of risk, the safety assessment and the monitoring of existing bridges, Italy. G.U. Serie Generale n. 196 (2022) 8–23, 2022. Mitoulis, S. A., Domaneschi, M., Cimellaro, G. P., Casas, J. R., 2022. Bridge and transport network resilience–a perspective, in “Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering” 175(3), pp. 138-149. Thomas Telford Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.21.00055 Proske, D., 2019. Comparison of the collapse frequency and the probability of failure of bridges, in “Proceedings of the Institution of Civil Engineers-Bridge Engineering” 172(1), pp. 27-40. Thomas Telford Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1680/jbren.18.00002 Scala, A., Niero, L., Brezzi, L., Gabrieli, F., Gibin, F., Pellegrino, C., Simonini, P., Sarhosis, V., Zampieri, P., 2025. Extreme natural events and bridge collapses: statistical insights in Italy. International Journal of Disaster Risk Reduction, 105880. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijdrr.2025.105880 Yang, Z., Liu, C., Nie, R., Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., ..., Lu, H., 2022. Research on uncertainty of landslide susceptibility prediction— bibliometrics and knowledge graph analysis. Remote Sensing 14(16), 3879. https://doi.org/10.3390/rs14163879