PSI - Issue 84

Mohammad Javad Azari Nezhadian et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 1222–1230

1230

Although a generally similar global behavior was observed, differences emerged in terms of peak load, residual stiffness, and post-peak degradation rate. Such variations were attributed to the influence of segment position within the ring and to localized crack development under bending. In all cases, failure was governed by flexural mechanisms, as confirmed by the absence of diagonal cracking and the localized crushing at the extrados near the loading points. Overall, the experimental evidence confirms that RC–SFRC hybrid reinforcement provides satisfactory flexural performance and effective crack control in precast tunnel segments. The results presented herein supply valuable full scale data that may support the calibration of numerical models and contribute to the improvement of tunnel lining design provisions. Acknowledgement The authors acknowledge TOTO S.p.A. COSTRUZIONI GENERALI for supplying the specimens used in this research and for their support during the experimental activities. References Abbas, S., Nehdi, M., 2021. Mechanical Behavior of Ultrahigh-Performance Concrete Tunnel Lining Segments. Materials 14, 2378. https://doi.org/10.3390/ma14092378 Caratelli, A., Meda, A., Rinaldi, Z., Spagnuolo, S., 2016. Precast tunnel segments with GFRP reinforcement. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 60, 10–20. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2016.07.011 De Andrade, G.G., De Figueiredo, A.D., Galobardes, I., Da Silva, M.A.A.P., De La Fuente, A., Bitencourt, L.A.G., 2024. Experimental and numerical investigation of flexural behavior of precast tunnel segments with hybrid reinforcement. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 154, 106094. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2024.106094 Fossetti, M., Iacono, F.L., Minafò, G., Navarra, G., Tesoriere, G., 2017. A new large scale laboratory: the LEDA Research Centre (Laboratory of Earthquake engineering and Dynamic Analysis). https://doi.org/10.7414/7aese.T6.18 Jamshidi Avanaki, M., 2019. Effects of hybrid steel fiber reinforced composites on structural performance of segmental linings subjected to TBM jacks. Structural Concrete 20, 1909–1925. https://doi.org/10.1002/suco.201800322 Jusoh, S.N., Mohamad, H., Marto, A., Mohd Yunus, N.Z., Kasime, F., Namazi, E., Sohaei, H., 2019. Precast Concrete Tunnel Segments: A Review on Current Research. ARAM 64, 7–16. https://doi.org/10.37934/aram.64.1.716 Molins, C., Arnau, O., 2011. Experimental and analytical study of the structural response of segmental tunnel linings based on an in situ loading test. Tunnelling and Underground Space Technology 26, 764–777. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.tust.2011.05.002 Rajput, M.D., Joshi, H., 2021. INVESTIGATION OF CONTACT FORCES IN PRECAST CONCRETE TUNNEL LINING SEGMENT 08. Trabucchi, I., Mudadu, A., Tiberti, G., Conforti, A., Plizzari, G., Winterberg, R., 2022. Structural Behavior of Precast Tunnel Segments Reinforced by Macro-synthetic Fibers During Temporary Loading Phases, in Fibre Reinforced Concrete: Improvements and Innovations II, RILEM Bookseries. Springer International Publishing, Cham, pp. 714–726. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-030-83719-8_61