PSI - Issue 84

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 84 (2026) 1353–1360

© 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference Keywords: life-cycle cost; bridges; fire. Abstract This study presents a performance-based fire vulnerability assessment of a steel-concrete composite bridge subjected to vehicle induced fire scenarios. Fire exposure is modelled through representative heat release rate (HRR) curves, including single and multi vehicle events. Thermo-mechanical analyses are performed using SAFIR to evaluate structural response under both unprotected and passive protected configurations. Passive fire protection is modelled through calibrated thermo-physical properties of sprayed fire-resistant material (SFRM) layers of varying thickness. Structural performance is quantified through demand-to-capacity ratios and fire fragility curves derived for different performance levels using peak HRR and fire load as intensity measures. A life-cycle cost framework is adopted to compare initial costs, maintenance, and direct and indirect fire-induced losses. The study aims to demonstrate that the adoption of passive fire protection can significantly reduce fire vulnerability and expected losses of SCC bridges, while requiring only a moderate increase in initial investment. 1. Introduction Bridges play a critical role in transportation networks, yet they are increasingly exposed to fire-related hazards that can severely affect structural performance and generate important economic consequences (Kodur, 2010, Garlock, 2011, Calvi, 2018). The intensification of road traffic and the frequent circulation of vehicles carrying flammable III Fabre Conference: Existing Bridges, Viaducts, and Tunnels: Research, Innovation, and Applications Expected life-cycle cost assessment of passive fire protection systems for bridges under fire conditions Donatella de Silva a, * ,Andrea Miano b ,Gabriella De Rosa a ,Andrea Prota a and Emidio Nigro a a University of Naples Federico II, Department of Structures for Engineering and Architecture, Via Claudio, 21, 80125 Napoli b Pegaso University, Department of Engineering, Centro Direzionale Isola F2, 80143 Napoli, Italy

* Corresponding author. E-mail address: Donatella.desilva@unina.it

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Conference 10.1016/j.prostr.2026.06.173