PSI - Issue 8

L. Landi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 8 (2018) 3–13 L. Landi et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000 – 000

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and thickness of steel sheets, it is possible to simulate residual velocities and ballistic limits of the standardized tests with quite simple failure models of the materials, if all the other parameters of the numerical simulation are take into correct consideration. The introduction of numerical penetration tests for safety guards with simple and tuned material models such as the one introduced in this paper for a non-alloy steel is especially welcomed to simulate, for example:  the ejection of parts/tools of non-regular shape or of different shape not usable in standardized test,  interpretation of strange behavior of single shots on experimental testing (such as inclined impact of impacting prismatic projectile),  curved shape of the safety guards of the same thickness of the standardized one,  impacts out of the central position of the guards. Bao Y., Wierzbicki T., 2004, On fracture locus in the equivalent strain and stress triaxiality space. International journal of Mechanical Sciences 46, 81 - 98. Banabic D., Bunge H.J., Pöhlandt K., Tekkaya A.E., 2010, Formability of Metallic Materials: Plastic Anisotropy, Formability Testing, Forming Limits. Springer. Bridgman P.W., 1964, Studies in large plastic flow and fracture. Cambridge, MA: Harvard University Press. Børvik T., Hopperstad O.S., Berstad T., Langseth M., 2001, Numerical simulation of plugging failure in ballistic penetration. International Journal of Solids and Structures, 38 (34 - 35) 241 - 6264. Børvik T., Hopperstad O.S., Berstad T., Langseth M., 2002a, Perforation of 12mm thick steel plates by 20mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical noses, Part I: Experimental study. International Journal of Impact Engineering,27 (1) 19 - 35. Børvik T., Hopperstad O.S., Berstad T., Langseth M., 2002b, Perforation of 12mm thick steel plates by 20mm diameter projectiles with flat, hemispherical and conical noses, Part II: numerical simulations. International Journal of Impact Engineering,27 (1) 37 - 64. Dey S., 2004, High strength steel plates subjected to projectile impact: An experimental and numerical study. Dr. ing. Thesis, Norwegian University of Science and Technology N - 7491 Trondheim. Dieter G.E., Bacon D., 1988, Mechanical Metallurgy. McGraw - Hill. Earl J.C., Brown, D.K. ,1976, Distribution of stress and plastic strain in circumferentially notched tension specimens. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 8, 599–611. Kpenyigba K.M., Jankowiak T., Rusinek A., Pesci R., 2013, Influence of projectile shape on dynamic behavior of steel sheet subjected to impact and perforation. Thin - Walled Structures 65 (2013) 93 - 104. ISO 23125:2010, Machine tools - Safety - Turning machines. Landi L. & Amici D., 2016, Steel Sheets Impact Simulation For Safety Guards Design: Problems and Perspectives. In: Proceedings of the ASME 2016 International Mechanical Engineering Congress and Exposition. Mewes D., Trapp R.P., 2000, Impact Resistance of Materials for Guards on Cutting Machine Tools—Requirements in Future European Safety Standards. International Journal of occupational safety and ergonomics vol.6, no4, pp 507 - 520. Mewes D., Mewes O, 2011, Impact Resistance of Guards on Grinding Machines. International Journal of Occupational Safety and Ergonomics, Vol. 17, No. 4, 411–421. Recht R.F., Ipson T.W., 1963, Ballistic perforation dynamics. Journal of Applied Mechanics, 384 - 390. Hancock J.W. & Mackenzie A.C., 1976 - On the mechanisms of ductile failure in high strength steels subjected to multi - axial stress - states. Journal of the Mechanics and Physics of Solids, 24 147 - 169. Rusinek A., Rodriguez - Martinez J.A., 2008, Numerical simulations of impact behavior of thin steel plates subjected to cylindrical, conical and hemispherical non - deformable projectiles. Engineering Fracture Mechanics 75, 1635 - 1656 Teng X., Wierzbicki T., Hiermaier S., Rohr I, 2005, Numerical prediction of fracture in the Taylor test. International Journal of Solids and structures 42, 2929 - 2948. Wierzbicki, T., Bao, Y., Lee, Y. W., & Bai, Y., 2005, Calibration and evaluation of seven fracture models. International Journal of Mechanical Sciences, 719 - 743. References