PSI - Issue 75

Florian Kalkowsky et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 75 (2025) 581–592 Florian Kalkowsky et al. / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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Fig. 1 Fatigue strength verification acc. to FKM-Guideline based on Rennert et al. (2024)

Furthermore the calculation procedure acc. to the FKM-Guideline (2020) is associated with some limitations. A summary of these limitations is subsequently named. Plane stress state, no fretting corrosion, no low-cycle fatigue, no corrosion, Stress concentration factor t,zd ≤5 for the strength verification based on nominal stresses, normal and high temperature. 2.3. Studies on bearing type connections A large part of the research on bearing type connections with bolts focus on the static load-bearing behaviour. In recent years, the load-bearing behaviour when using high-strength steels has been increasingly investigated, e.g. by Može (2008); Puthli et al. (2001) , which has led to an extensive gain in knowledge and an expansion of the design rules in the 2 nd Eurocode generation. In contrast, very little research has been conducted into fatigue behavior of connections and often with focus on riveted connections or connections with preloaded bolts (Díaz (1971); Wilson et al. (1938); Graf (1935); Pedrosa et al. (2019); Silva et al. (2021); Overbeeke et al. (1984); Frank et al. (1981)). The most important finding from these investigations was that the fatigue behavior of the components in the bolted and riveted connections is dominated by the applied preload or clamping load, which was also shown in many other investigations (Allan et al. (1967); Jesus et al. (2015); Valtinat et al. (2000); Albrecht et al. (1987); Brown (2006); Holch et al. (2025)). Due to this limited database for the fatigue resistance of components in bearing type connections with bolts, the current DC according to Eurocode 3 is only based on the reference Valtinat et al. (2000). Its re evaluation as part of the comprehensive project Feldman et al. (2019) has not led to a different definition for this constructional detail. An extended consideration of bearing type connections to increase the database was done by Maljaars et al. (2021) and led to the new formulation in FprEN 1993-1-9 (2024) to describe the notch effect in the components. Recent studies by Josi et al. (1999); Maljaars et al. (2019); Souto et al. (2021); Souto et al. (2023) have provided a deeper insight into the fatigue behavior of connections with bolts and rivets from the aspect of stress analysis in the connections and has led to design recommendations that go beyond the approach of Maljaars et al. (2021) based on nominal stresses, whereby a complete description of the fatigue behavior including, for example, the material strength, all geometric parameters ( 1 , 1 , 2 , 2 ) of a joint, the hole manufacturing process or surface condition is still missing. However, initial studies by the authors of this paper have already shown a clear dependency on the aforementioned parameters, see Glienke et al. (2020); Kalkowsky et al. (2021a); Kalkowsky et al. (2021b); Holch et al. (2025).