PSI - Issue 75

Carolina Payares-Asprino et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 75 (2025) 489–500 C. Payares-Asprino et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia (2025)

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2. Experimental Procedures 2.1. Material

Duplex Stainless Steel (DSS) 2205 was selected as a parent metal. Table 1 shows the chemical composition of the plate reported by the OUTOKUMPO ® certificate and filler metal ER-2209 (electrode) of 1 mm diameter as recommended by ASTM A815and A789 procedures GMA welding process [Outokumpu (2022), ASTM A789/A789M-18 (2018)].

Table 1. Chemical composition of the DSS SAF 2205 plate and ER 2209 filler metal Material %C %Si %Mn %P %S

Cr

Ni

Mo

N

SAF 2205 ER 2209

0.024 0.016

0.43 0.45

1.58 1.40

0.029 0.014

0.0010

22.73

5.59

3.08 2.91

---

0.017

22.4

8.5

0.18

The mechanical properties reported in OUTOKUMPO ® certificate for the base metal are given in Table 2

Table 2. Material Properties of the DSS 2205 [Outohumpu (2022)] Yield Stress [MPa] Tensilde Stress [MPa] Elongation [%]

HRC 23-24

616-632

825-826

31.2-31.6

2.2. Welding Robot Parameter A robotic gas metal arc welding process (GMAW) using the Kawasaki® robot in the Norwich welding laboratory manufactured the single bead-on-plate welds on Duplex Stainless Steel under welding conditions shown in Table 3. Figure 1 shows the robot GMAW Kawasaki®. Consolidated the experiment’s design, the weld trials down to 9 welds, applying the Taguchi Method using an L9 matrix with three factors: arc current, arc voltage, and welding speed at three levels each (low, medium, and high). Table 3 shows the selected parameter and Table 4 shows the results from Taguchi Method.

Table 3. Selected welding parameters

Levels

Factor I (A) E (V)

1

2

3

235

250 26.5 370

270

25

28

WS (mm/min)

280

700

Fig. 1 Robot GMAW Kawasaki