PSI - Issue 75

Said Allouch et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 75 (2025) 299–310 S. Allouch / Structural Integrity Procedia (2025)

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The design of wheels must balance lightweight construction with robust safety standards, and BiAx testing emerges as a valuable tool in achieving this dual objective. Nonetheless, the development of load programs requires careful attention to detail; neglecting this can jeopardize the integrity of the testing process, ultimately undermining the very purpose of such evaluations. Therefore, ongoing research and refinement of load programs, considering parameters such as vehicle type, usage patterns, wheel design, and tire specifications, are essential. By doing so, we can enhance the accuracy of fatigue assessments and ensure that wheels meet the stringent safety demands of modern automotive applications. References Fischer, G., & Grubisic , V. (1985). Fatigue Behavior of Cast Aluminum Wheels for Commercial Vehicles. ATZ Automobiltechnische Zeitschrift, Volume 87 (Issue 2), 67- 73. Grubisic, V., & Fischer, G. (1983). Automotive Wheels, Method and Procedure for Optimal Design and Testing. SAE Paper 830 135, SAE Transactions 92 . Grubisic, V., & Fischer, G. (1984). Procedure for Optimal Lightweight Design and Durability Testing of Wheels. International Journal of Vehicle Design 5, Nr. 6 , 659 – 671. International, S. (2021). Biaxial Wheel Fatigue Test. Warrendale, PA: SAE International. Retrieved from https://doi.org/10.4271/J2562_202107 Lahiri, I. (2025). EU new car registrations inch up in 2024 as successful Spain gives figures a boost . Retrieved from https://www.euronews.com/business/2025/01/21/eu-new-car-registrations-inch-up-in-2024-as-successful spain-gives-figures-a-boost Sonsino, C. M., Breitenberger, M., Krause, I., Pötter, K., Schröder, S., & Jürgens, K. (2021). Quality requirement for the service durability of cast aluminium wheels by the RFS-method (Vol. 1). (C. Bleicher, Ed.) Darmstadt: Fraunhofer Verlag. Retrieved May 2025, from https://www.bookshop.fraunhofer.de/buch/inceight-casting-c(hoch)8/253894 Sonsino, C. M., Breitenberger, M., Schröder, S., & Jürgens, K. (2020). Evaluation of Spectrum-Loaded Components by the Damage Equivalent Method of Required Fatigue Strength (RFS) through the Example of Passenger Car Wheels. Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Material and Component Performance under Variable Amplitude Loading (VAL4) , (pp. 497-510). Darmstadt/Germany, DVM, Berlin/Germany.