PSI - Issue 75

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ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 75 (2025) 660–676 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2025) 000–000

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© 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under the responsibility of Dr Fabien Lefebvre with at least 2 reviewers per paper Abstract This paper presents an extension of the Active Kriging for Sequential Models (AK-SM) method proposed by Constant et al. (2025), for fatigue-loaded systems subjected to multiple load configurations. In the original version of AK-SM, the computational burden induced by a sequential simulation chain is handled by taking advantage of the less costly part of the chain to evaluate. An imputation strategy wrapped into the AK-MCS method has been proposed. Here, AK-SM is extended to manage multiple load configurations as entry of the whole chain. In this paper, a critical configuration strategy is combined with the imputation mechanism to drastically reduce the number of expensive Finite Element (FE) evaluations. A numerical application on a transient bracket model demonstrates the e ffi ciency of the approach, achieving equivalent failure probability estimates with up to 65% fewer FE calls compared to classical AK-MCS methods. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Fatigue Design 2025 organizers. Keywords: Fatigue Reliability ; Active Kriging; Sequential Models; Multi-Configuration Loading;Computational E ffi ciency Fatigue Design 2025 (FatDes 2025) An extension of Active Kriging for Sequential Models to fatigue-loaded Systems under multiple load configurations Thomas Constant a,b, ∗ , Ce´cile Mattrand a , Lae¨titia Fouche´-Sanseigne b , Nicolas Gayton a a Universite´ Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France . Email: thomas.constant747@gmail.com b Abstract This paper presents an extension of the Active Kriging for Sequential Models (AK-SM) method proposed by Constant et al. (2025), for fatigue-loaded systems subjected to multiple load configurations. In the original version of AK-SM, the computational burden induced by a sequential simulation chain is handled by taking advantage of the less costly part of the chain to evaluate. An imputation strategy wrapped into the AK-MCS method has been proposed. Here, AK-SM is extended to manage multiple load configurations as entry of the whole chain. In this paper, a critical configuration strategy is combined with the imputation mechanism to drastically reduce the number of expensive Finite Element (FE) evaluations. A numerical application on a transient bracket model demonstrates the e ffi ciency of the approach, achieving equivalent failure probability estimates with up to 65% fewer FE calls compared to classical AK-MCS methods. © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Fatigue Design 2025 organizers. Keywords: Fatigue Reliability ; Active Kriging; Sequential Models; Multi-Configuration Loading;Computational E ffi ciency Fatigue Design 2025 (FatDes 2025) An extension of Active Kriging for Sequential Models to fatigue-loaded Systems under multiple load configurations Thomas Constant a,b, ∗ , Ce´cile Mattrand a , Lae¨titia Fouche´-Sanseigne b , Nicolas Gayton a a Universite´ Clermont Auvergne, Clermont Auvergne INP, CNRS, Institut Pascal, F-63000 Clermont-Ferrand, France . Email: thomas.constant747@gmail.com b

1. Introduction 1. Introduction

Predicting the durability of industrial systems such as military vehicle is of utmost importance, particularly in se vere operating environments where systems are subjected to dynamic loads, such as vibrations or high-intensity cyclic excitation. In fact, an accurate prediction of the fatigue life of the system is crucial for engineers to make appropri ate decisions regarding its design. Durability assessment typically relies on a sequential numerical approach, where external dynamic loads acting on the global system are sequentially transferred to sub-systems and, ultimately, to critical areas ( e.g. , welded joints) through linear or non-linear finite element (FE) simulations. Localized stress tensor responses obtained from these simulations are then post-processed using fatigue models to quantify the structural damage under specific load conditions. Since a single load case cannot fully represent the system’s activity, multiple Predicting the durability of industrial systems such as military vehicle is of utmost importance, particularly in se vere operating environments where systems are subjected to dynamic loads, such as vibrations or high-intensity cyclic excitation. In fact, an accurate prediction of the fatigue life of the system is crucial for engineers to make appropri ate decisions regarding its design. Durability assessment typically relies on a sequential numerical approach, where external dynamic loads acting on the global system are sequentially transferred to sub-systems and, ultimately, to critical areas ( e.g. , welded joints) through linear or non-linear finite element (FE) simulations. Localized stress tensor responses obtained from these simulations are then post-processed using fatigue models to quantify the structural damage under specific load conditions. Since a single load case cannot fully represent the system’s activity, multiple

∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 33651455774; E-mail address: thomas.constant@sigma-clermont.fr ∗ Corresponding author. Tel.: + 33651455774; E-mail address: thomas.constant@sigma-clermont.fr

2452-3216 © 2025 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under the responsibility of Dr Fabien Lefebvre with at least 2 reviewers per paper 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.11.068 2210-7843 © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Fatigue Design 2025 organizers. 2210-7843 © 2025 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http: // creativecommons.org / licenses / by-nc-nd / 4.0 / ) Peer-review under responsibility of the scientific committee of the Fatigue Design 2025 organizers.