PSI - Issue 72

Gusti Kid Faiq Syah et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 401–408

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distribution, and smaller meshes give more accurate results. This study has limitations, as it does not account for additional impact conditions, such as deformable projectiles or other realistic scenarios, which could provide a more thorough evaluation of structural and material behavior. Incorporating these loading conditions in future research will enhance our understanding of material performance under various environmental circumstances. References Alwan, F.H.A., Prabowo, A.R., Muttaqie, T., Muhayat, N., Ridwan, R., Laksono, F.B., 2022. Assessment of ballistic impact damage on aluminum and magnesium alloys against high velocity bullets by dynamic FE simulations. Journal of the Mechanical Behavior of Materials 31(1), 595 – 616 Aranđelović, M., Petrović, A., Sedmak, S., 2024. Digital image correlation application t o structural integrity assessment. Structural Integrity and Life, 24(1), 87-91 Dinulović, M., Grbović, A., Adžić, V., Alarafati, H., 2023. Composite plates with nomex honeycomb core modelling for dynamic integrity at the mesoscale level. Structural Integrity and Life 23(2), 147-153 ICC IMB., 2023. Number of pirate attacks against ships worldwide from 2010 to 2022. Statista Research Department. Accessed in https://www.statista.com/statistics/266292/number-of-pirate-attacks-worldwide-since-2006/ ITOPF., 2024a. Distribution of reasons for large oil tanker spills worldwide between 1970 and 2023. Statista Research Department. Accessed in https://www.statista.com/statistics/671611/causes-of-large-oil-spills-from-oil-tankers-worldwide-distribution/ ITOPF., 2024b. Volume of oil leaked from tanker incidents worldwide 1970 to 2023. Statista Research Department. Accessed in https://www.statista.com/statistics/268557/quantity-of-oil-spilt-from-tanker-incidents-since-1970/ Jeon, S.G., Kim, J.H., Kim, J.D., Jeong, Y.J., Kim, H.T., Kim, S.K., Lee, J.M., 2023. Impact failure characteristics of LNG carrier cargo containment system. 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Procedia Structural Integrity, 41(C), 343-350 Nubli, H., Sohn, J.M., Prabowo, A.R., 2022b. Layout optimization for safety evaluation on LNG-fueled ship under an accidental fuel release using mixed-integer nonlinear programming. International Journal of Naval Architecture and Ocean Engineering, 14, 100443 Prabowo, A.R., Bae, D.M., Sohn, J.M., Zakki, A.F., Cao, B., Cho, J.H., 2017. Effects of the rebounding of a striking ship on structural crashworthiness during ship-ship collision. Thin-Walled Structures, 115, 225-239 Prabowo, A.R., Cahyono, S.I., Sohn, J.M., 2019a. Crashworthiness assessment of thin-walled double bottom tanker: A variety of ship grounding incidents. Theoretical and Applied Mechanics Letters, 9(5), 320-327 Prabowo, A.R., Putranto, T., Sohn, J.M., 2019b. Simulation of the behavior of a ship hull under grounding: Effect of applied element size on structural crashworthiness. Journal of Marine Science and Engineering, 7(8), 270 Ramírez-Gil, F.J., Silva, E.C.N., Montealegre-Rubio, W., 2021. Through-thickness perforated steel plates optimized for ballistic impact applications. Materials & Design, 212, 110257 Rossiter, J., Brahme, A., Simha, M. H., Inal, K., Mishra, R., 2010. A new crystal plasticity scheme for explicit time integration codes to simulate deformation in 3D microstructures: Effects of strain path, strain rate and thermal softening on localized deformation in the aluminum alloy 5754 during simple shear. International Journal of Plasticity, 26(12), 1702 – 1725. Soğancılar, N., 2021. Maritime piracy and its impacts on international trade. Journal of Politics Economy and Management, 4(1), 38-48. Suryanto, S., Prabowo, A.R., Muttaqie, T., Istanto, I., Adiputra, R., Muhayat, N., Fajri, A., Braun, M., Ehlers, S., 2023. Evaluation of high-tensile steel using nonlinear analysis: Experiment-FE materials benchmarking of LNG carrier structures under low-temperature conditions. Energy Reports, 9, 149-161. Tam, J.H., 2022. Overview of performing shore-to-ship and ship-to-ship compatibility studies for LNG bunker vessels. Journal of Marine Engineering and Technology, 21(5), 257 – 270. Zarei, H., Sadighi, M., Minak, G., 2017. Ballistic analysis of fiber metal laminates impacted by flat and conical impactors. Composite Structures, 161, 65-72. Alexopoulos, T.A., 2023. On global maritime oil piracy: an association rules analysis. Energy Systems. Accessed in https://doi.org/10.1007/ s12667-023-00639-3

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