PSI - Issue 72

Toeri Fathuddin Yusuf et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 436–444

440

Table 1. Properties material of Aluminum 6061-T651 (Spear et al., 2021) Properties

Density, (kg/m 3 ) Poisson's ratio, ν

Aluminum 6061-T651

2750

0.3

Young's modulus, E (GPa)

69

Expansion coefficient

2.10E-05

Initial yield stress, A (MPa)

324 144 0.42

Strain hardening coefficient, B (MPa)

Strain hardening exponent, n Strain sensitivity coefficient, C Thermal softening constant, m

0.002

1.34

Reference strain rate

1

Melting temperature, θ melting (K) Transition temperature, θ transition (K) Specific heat, (J/kgK) JC damage material constant, D 1 JC damage material constant, D 2 JC damage material constant, D 3 JC damage material constant, D 4 JC damage material constant, D 5

600

50

900

-0.77 1.45 0.47

0

1.6

In this study, the projectile was placed at a distance of 31 mm from the target plate with four initial velocity variations, namely 341, 454, 565, and 863 m/s. These initial velocities were taken from some of the initial velocities used in the study of Piekutowski et al. (1996). The initial velocities were applied to a reference point (RP) located at the center of the rear of the projectile. On the underside of the target plate, fixed conditions were imposed, limiting the displacement DOF and rotational DOF in that area, as shown in Fig. 2. FEM analysis in this study was used to analyze the strength of the Aluminum 6061-T651 target plate. The mesh setting of the target plate was performed using 8-node thermally coupled brick, trilinear displacement, and temperature (CED8T), with 26elements in the thickness of the target plate and 0.01 mm size in the non-impact zone of the target plate. The mesh results of the target plate for mesh size at impact zone 0.0001 mm and at non-impact zone 0.001 mm can be seen in Fig. 3.

a)

b)

Fig. 2. Boundary condition model in ABAQUS: (a) isometric view, and (b) front view.