PSI - Issue 72

Available online at www.sciencedirect.com

ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 436–444

12th Annual Conference of Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK12) Structural behaviors of idealized aluminum hull plate against ballistic loading: Influence of the meshing strategy in FE simulation Toeri Fathuddin Yusuf a , Aditya Rio Prabowo a, *, Seung Jun Baek b , Ristiyanto Adiputra c a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Universitas Sebelas Maret, Surakarta, Indonesia b Advanced-Green Technology Center, Korea Marine Equipment Research Institute, Busan, South Korea c Research Center for Hydrodynamics Technology, National Research and Innovation Agency, Surabaya, Indonesia Abstract This research presents a numerical analysis of the impact of ballistic loads on Aluminum 6061-T651 target plates on the side hull of a ship. The purpose of this research is to enhance the additional physical protection of the ship to withstand the initial attack of armed piracy. Therefore, this research is crucial in enhancing the ship's resistance to attack, particularly in critical areas such as the engine room, command platform, and cargo hold. The analysis was conducted using the finite element method (FEM) with ABAQUS software, and the numerical simulation results were then compared with previous experimental data. The simulation results demonstrate that the numerical model accurately predicts the residual velocity of the projectile, yielding results that closely align with those of the experiments. In general, the residual velocity prediction is sensitive to mesh size, although, at some point, the influence of mesh size becomes less significant. The mesh size also affects the final deformation shape of the target plate after impact, where larger mesh sizes tend to produce less realistic and smoother deformations than the experimental results. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Aleksandar Sedmak, Branislav Djordjevic, Simon Sedmak Dr. Simon Sedmak, ssedmak@mas.bg.ac.rs, Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia

Keywords: Impact Ballistic; Ship Side Hull; Residual Velocity; Finite Element Method (FEM); ABAQUS

1. Introduction The biggest threats to the world's commercial fleet are pirate attacks, armed robbery, terrorism, and military operations in some maritime regions (Miloš et al., 2023). Pirates use weapons to intimidate and force crew members

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +62-271-163-632; fax: +62-271-163-632. E-mail address: aditya@ft.uns.ac.id

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Aleksandar Sedmak, Branislav Djordjevic, Simon Sedmak Dr. Simon Sedmak, ssedmak@mas.bg.ac.rs, Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.08.124