PSI - Issue 72

A.F.L. Macedo et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 61–68

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0.5

1

Experimental Numerical

Experimental Numerical

0.4

0.8

0.3

0.6

P [kN]

P [kN]

0.2

0.4

0.1

0.2

0

0

0

10

20

30

0

10

20

30

δ [mm]

δ [mm]

a)

b)

Fig. 6. Fitting the P -  curves for different t A : 0.2 (a) and 2.0 mm (b).

4.2. Cohesive law estimation Fig. 7 presents CZM laws for every t A =0.5 mm sample, detailing tensile (a) and shear (b) laws. The area beneath each CZM curve corresponds to G IC or G IIC . While t n 0 and t s 0 showed slight variability due to individual tuning, the average CZM laws reliably mirrored the specimens’ behavior with minor discrepancies. Notwithstanding overall concordance, certain variances in t n 0 and t s 0 values were observed post-calibration across all t A . Fig. 7 (c) and (d) display the average tensile and shear CZM laws for all t A values. The curves were comparable, showing larger areas and t n 0 / t s 0 figures for t A ≥0.5 mm due to G IC / G IIC variations. For tensile CZM laws, there was a 3.6% drop at t A =0.5 mm and a 29.4% rise at t A =2.0 mm, with shear CZM laws exhibiting similar percentage shifts of 3.1% and 33.0%, respectively.

10 12 14

10 12 14

Individual curves Average curve

Individual curves Average curve

0 2 4 6 8

0 2 4 6 8

t n [MPa]

t s [MPa]

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.4

0.5

 s [mm]

 n [mm]

a)

b)

16

16

0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0

0.1 0.2 0.5 1.0 2.0

12

12

8

8

t s [MPa]

t n [MPa]

4

4

0

0

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

0

0.2

0.4

0.6

 s [mm]

 n [mm]

c)

d)

Fig. 7. CZM laws under tension (a) and shear (b) for t A =0.5 mm and average curves; average tensile (c) and shear (d) curves for all t A values.