PSI - Issue 72

Oleh Yasniy et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 188–194

192

Table 2. The prediction errors at 1025th cycle for four loading frequencies. Prediction errors (%) Frequency 0.1 Hz Frequency 0.5 Hz

Frequency 1.0 Hz

Frequency 5.0 Hz

The loading stage. 0.0394 0.0026 0.4328

The unloading stage.

The loading stage. 0.0139 0.0003 0.4628

The unloading stage.

The loading stage. 0.0236 0.0011 1.1142

The unloading stage.

The loading stage. 0.0195 0.0006 1.0193

The unloading stage.

0.0141 0.0003 0.1490

0.0100 0.0001 0.3293

0.0147 0.0003 0.5826

0.0146 0.0004 0.7238

MAE MSE

MAPE

Fig. 3. Experimental and predicted hysteresis loop for cycle 1025 at a frequency of 0.1 Hz.

Fig. 4 shows the hysteresis loop for 1025 th loading-unloading cycle constructed using ANN and the corresponding experimental data at a frequency of 0.5 Hz.

Fig. 4. Experimental and predicted hysteresis loop for cycle 1025 at a frequency of 0.5 Hz.

Fig. 5 shows the hysteresis loop for 1025 th loading-unloading cycles of the SMA material constructed using ANN and the corresponding experimental data at a frequency of 1.0 Hz.