PSI - Issue 72

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ScienceDirect

Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 222–228

Keywords : FDM printing; fiber-optic sensors; technological and residual strain 1. Introduction Production by 3D printing methods is currently at the stage of active development, which is reflected in the annual increase in the volume of the global market of additive manufacturing technologies (Vlasov et al. (2023)). The growing interest in additive manufacturing (AM) is attributed to its advantages over traditional manufacturing methods. The main benefits include the ability to create objects with complex geometric shapes not achievable through conventional techniques, efficient material utilization in production, and the ability to produce functional prototypes with minimal cost and time. One of the most widely used AM method is Fused Filament Fabrication (FFF), also known as Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM), due to its convenience and the low cost of equipment and materials. This method is extensively applied in various fields, including aerospace (Tian et al. (2022)), instrument engineering (Kumar et al. (2024)), medicine (Mamo et al. (2023)) and other. More detailed information on FDM/FFF printing technology, the used materials, and the characteristics of this production method can be found in (Cano-Vicent et al. (2021), Shanmugam et al. (2021)). Abstract This paper presents results of the application of distributed fiber-optic sensors (FOS) operating on the principle of optical backscatter reflectometry (OBR) to measure technological and residual strains that occur in products during their manufacturing by Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) process. The proposed method was used to study three common FDM printing materials: acrylonitrile butadiene styrene (ABS), polylactide (PLA) and polyethylene terephthalate glycol (PETG). The research investigates the strain development during post-printing cooling to ambient temperature and the distribution of residual strains throughout the sample thickness. © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Aleksandar Sedmak, Branislav Djordjevic, Simon Sedmak Dr. Simon Sedmak, ssedmak@mas.bg.ac.rs, Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia 12th Annual Conference of Society for Structural Integrity and Life (DIVK12) Measurement of technological and residual strains using fiber-optic sensors in samples produced by Fused Deposition Modeling E.B. Galkina a, *, G.S. Serovaev a , V.A. Koniukhov a a Institute of Continuous Media Mechanics UB RAS, 1, Akademika Koroleva Str., Perm, 614068, Russia

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +7(342)-237-83-30. E-mail address: galkina.e@icmm.ru

2452-3216 © 2026 The Authors. Published by ELSEVIER B.V. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0) Peer-review under responsibility of Aleksandar Sedmak, Branislav Djordjevic, Simon Sedmak Dr. Simon Sedmak, ssedmak@mas.bg.ac.rs, Innovation Center of Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Belgrade, Serbia 10.1016/j.prostr.2025.08.096