PSI - Issue 72

Khedim Fatima Zahra et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 479–490

484

Leaf Extract

ppm; 30, 40, 50, 60, 70, 80 °C

and chemical adsorption

(2015)

0.01, 0.05,0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, 1, 1.5 and 2%; 303, 313, 323, 333 and 343K (29.85,39.85,49.85,59.85 and 69.85 °C) 0.1,0.2,0.3, 0.4,0.5, 0.6, 0.7 and 0.8%; 308, 318, 328, 338, 348 and 358 K (34.85, 44.85, 53.85, 64.85, 74.85 and 84.85 °C) 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000, 1200, 1400 and 1600 {(mg/l) = ppm}; 26±1° C

98% for 2% v/v at room temperature; 97 % for 2% v/v at different temperature range

Cucurbita Maxima Plant Extract

Physical Adsorption

Anbarasi et al. (2014)

Mixed

Mild Steel 1N HCl

Both physical and chemical adsorption

Dodonaeaviscosa (L.) Leaves extract

At 0.8%v/vfound95.41% in 1M HCl and 91.04% in 0.5M H2SO4

Mild Steel

1M HCl and 0.5M H2SO4

Leehlavathi et al. (2013)

Mixed

Capsicum annuum Fruit Extract

Mild Steel

Physical adsorption

1 M HCl

86 % for 1400 ppm

Mixed

Ji et al. (2012)

4. Calotropis Procera(CP) extract plant 4.1. Presentation of the plant

This study is focus on the Calotropis procera CP plant; found throughout the tropical belt and is also common in the West Indies [19], it has been introduced in several parts of the world outside its native range (Asia and Africa), It is also located in the Algerian desert specifically in Haggar, Tassili and Adrar province, Miara et al. (2019), Tamanrasset, Illizi, Bechar, Ghardaia, Ouargla, Miorufel (2015). Is a soft-wooded, perennial shrub, Kaur et al. (2021), belongs to the family Asclepiadaceae, commonly known as the apple of Sodom, Calotropis, and giant milkweed, frequently originate in harsh environment arid, dry, uncultivated soils…

Fig. 2. Calotropis procera plant, medecinedafrique2i.e-monsite.com.

4.2. Utilization in different field

The uses of Calotropis procera plant parts have varied as leaves rubber and flowers have been used in Ayurvedic medicines, Meena et al. (2011). Latex of Calotropis procera has also been shown to have pesticide property against termites. It has also been utilized for fiber, fuel, fodder, and timber purposes since antiquity, Batool et al. (2020) . Morpho-physiological adaptations and the ability to tolerate a wide range of environmental conditions enabled its naturalization in the introduced habitats. Calotropis procera is a multipurpose plant, which provides a wide range of provisioning ecosystem services:  Medicine: anti-inflammatory (fruits), Mettwally et al. (2022), Anti-Cancer (leaves), Rasul et al. (2023), Kumari et al. (2022) …,