PSI - Issue 72

P.D.A. da Silva et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 52–60

59

40

0 10 20 30 40 50 60

30

20

P m [kN]

P [kN]

10

0

0

0.1

0.2

0.5

1

1.5

2

2.5

0.3

0.4

3

3.5

4

t P [mm]

 [mm] AV138 DP8005 XNR6852 E-2

AV138

DP8005

XNR6852 E-2

a)

b)

Fig. 9. P-  curves for the joints bonded with the AV138 and t p =2 mm (a) and evolution of P m with t p for the three adhesives (b).

The E a values as a function of t p are summarized in Table 4. The higher the t p value, the lower the E a of the joint. Since the adherends have little plasticization, higher t p implies a lower capacity to absorb impact E a due to the lower  sustained by the joints. Between adhesives, the joint bonded with the AV138 absorbed more impact E a , followed by the XNR6852 E-2 and the DP8005. The full comparison between joint types is shown in Table 4.

Table 4. E a comparison between adhesives.

AV138

DP8005

XNR6852 E-2

t p (mm)

E a (J)

∆ E a (%) +34.4%

E a (J)

∆ E a (%) +16.3%

E a (J)

∆ E a (%) +28.3%

1 2 3 4

5.2 3.9 3.8 3.1

5.0 4.3 4.0 3.9

4.9 3.8 3.5 3.7

-

-

-

-1.7% -20.9%

-6.3% -9.7%

-8.2% -4.5%

4. Conclusions The present work numerically analyzed the impact strength of tubular adhesive joints. Successful CZM validation was initially achieved. Numerically, the L O and t p effects were analyzed by plotting  y and  xy stresses in the adhesive layer, comparing P -  curves, and analyzing P m and E a , providing the following results:  P m effect:  y and  xy peak stresses are located at the overlap edges, and both increase with L O . Peak stresses increase with the adhesive’s stiffness. The P -  curves confirmed the AV138 as the strongest solution, followed by the XNR6852 E-2 and finally the DP8005. P m increased with L O for all adhesives, but with smaller improvements with L O for brittle adhesives. E a markedly increased for all adhesives with L O ;  t p effect:  y peak stresses increased with t p .  xy peak stresses were highest for t p =1 mm, showing an opposite trend to  y stresses. Both peak stresses increased with the adhesive stiffness. The P m plots revealed that the AV138 provides the best results, followed by the XNR6852 E-2 and the DP8005, irrespectively of t p . Higher t p increased the load bearing capacity of the tubular joints. E a increased by reducing t p , and the AV138 gave the highest E a . References Barbosa, D., Campilho, R., Rocha, R., Ferreira, L., 2019. Experimental and numerical assessment of tensile loaded tubular adhesive joints. Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part L: Journal of Materials: Design and Applications 233(3): 452-464 Esmaeili, F., Zehsaz, M., Chakherlou, T., Barzegar, S., 2015. Fatigue life estimation of double lap simple bolted and hybrid (bolted/bonded) joints using several multiaxial fatigue criteria. Materials & Design 67: 583-595 Eusebio, S., Campilho, R., 2019. Modelling of tubular adhesively-bonded joints by the Extended Finite Element Method. Procedia Manufacturing 41: 484-491 Hazimeh, R., Challita, G., Khalil, K., Othman, R., 2015. Finite element analysis of adhesively bonded composite joints subjected to impact loadings. International Journal of Adhesion and Adhesives 56: 24-31 Jeevi, G., Nayak, S. K., Abdul Kader, M., 2019. Review on adhesive joints and their application in hybrid composite structures. Journal of Adhesion Science and Technology 33(14): 1497-1520 Karac, A., Blackman, B. R. K., Cooper, V., Kinloch, A. J., Rodriguez Sanchez, S., Teo, W. S., Ivankovic, A., 2011. Modelling the fracture