PSI - Issue 72

Dharmik Chauhan et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 72 (2025) 529–537

532

2.3. Box-Behnken Design

The Box-Behnken design diagram shown in Figure 2. It shows a three-factor design for response surface methodology. The Box-Behnken design is an experimental arrangement approach that optimizes process parameters using response surface methodology. This nonlinear model was created to assist in estimating responses using the second-order quadratic response model. The nonlinear model can handle at least three process parameters and three levels, as shown in Table 1.

Figure 2 Factorial diagram of Box-Behnken Design.

Table 3 Orthogonal array for Box-Behnken design. Sr.No. Normal load (N) Sliding speed (m/s)

Temperature (℃)

Rotation (RPM) Time (s)

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9.

25 40 10 40 10 25 40 25 25 10 25 40 10 25 25

0.5

50

239 597 956 956 957 239 597 597 597 239 956 239 597 956 597

2000 800 500 500 800 800 800 800 2000 2000

1.25

200 125 125

2.0 2.0

1.25

50

0.5

200

1.25 1.25 1.25

50

125 125 125 125 200 200 125 50

10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15.

0.5 2.0 0.5

500

2000

1.25

800 500 800

2.0

1.25