PSI - Issue 70

M. Vignesh et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 650–657

655

the water demand because of its high fineness, also WMP is not a pozzolanic material which reduces calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) formation which is very significant for strength gain with increased addition of WMP beyond 10%(Singh et al., 2018). 4.5. Effect of CDW as enhanced filler Tables 2, 3 and Figure 5 a, b shows the results when CDW has been added as a filler along with WMP and Lime combinations (Lime 15% and WMP 5%) and (Lime 10% and WMP 10%). Mix CD10FC50WM5 gave strength of 7.29 MPa for 10% addition of CDW and values were in comparison with Soharu et al., (2022) also, the presence of mullite and quartz peaks were observed when grinded CDW was added, which were essential for the strength properties of the bricks.

Table 2. Compressive strength for CDW addition for 5% lime and 15% WMP combinations

Sl.No MIX ID

CDW(%)

FC(%)

WFS(%)

WMP(%)

Lime(%)

28 days Compressive Strength (MPa)

1. 2. 3. 4.

FC60WM5

-

60 50 40 30

20 20 20 20

5

15 15 15 15

9.13 7.29 5.19 2.49

CD10FC50WM5

10 20 30

5

FC40WM5 FC30WM5

5

5

FC60WM10, Mix FC30WM10 which had 30% replacement of CDW for FC gave strength of 5.88 MPa. This might be due to the reduced water consumption of CDW compared to FC as a cause of particle size. Surplus water could freely hydrate Lime and WMP to assist in achieving improved strength for mix FC30WM10 in comparison with FC50WM10 and FC40WM10.

Table 3. Compressive strength for CDW addition for 10% lime and 10% WMP combinations

Sl.No

MIX ID

CDW (%)

FC (%)

WFS (%)

WMP (%)

Lime (%)

28 days Compressive Strength (MPa)

1. 2. 3. 4.

FC60WM10 FC50WM10 FC40WM10 FC30WM10

-

60 50 40 30

20 20 20 20

10 10 10 10

10 10 10 10

8.63

10 20 30

5.7

4.39 5.88

b.)

a.)

Fig 5. Effect of CDW replacement for a.) 5% WMP b.) 10% WMP addition