PSI - Issue 70

J. Arun Prasad et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 690–697

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highlight Cenospheres’ dual benefits in reducing environmental impact and enhancing performance in lightweight concrete, while also emphasizing challenges such as moisture management and optimizing mechanical properties. 3. Materials 3.1. Cement Ordinary Portland cement typically has a specific gravity of around 3.15. In this study, the specific gravity of the cement used was determined to be 3.16, indicating conformity with standard expectations. The slightly higher value can be attributed to the purity and composition of the cement sample. 3.2. Sieve Analysis of Fine Aggregate The specific gravity and water absorption were found to be 2.7 and 1,0% respectively, with sieve analysis data and fineness modulus value of sand confirms to grading zone II as per IS 383-2009.The percentage passing corresponds to Zone II grading as per IS: 383 – 1970, indicating that the fine aggregate used is well-graded and suitable for concrete production. 3.3. Specific gravity of Coarse Aggregate For coarse aggregate crushed 20mm, normal size grade aggregate was used. The specific gravity and water absorption were found to be 2.7 and 0.5% respectively Specific gravity is also required in calculating the compacting factor in connection with the workability measurements it is determined as described in IS 2386 (Part III) 1963. The calculated specific gravity of the coarse aggregate was 2.71, indicating its suitability for use in structural concrete as it aligns with standard values. 3.4. Cenosphere Cenospheres are hollow, lightweight microspheres derived from coal fly ash, primarily composed of silica and alumina. In this study, Cenosphere with particle sizes ranging from 45 – 150 µm and a specific gravity of approximately 0.72 were used as a partial replacement material in concrete. 4. Mix proportion The mix proportions are typically expressed as the amount of each ingredient by weight or volume in a concrete mix. Design a Concrete for carrying a specified amount of Load including factor of Safety. We are using M20 Grade of concrete mix ratio is 1:1.5:3. The conventional mix are the materials were used a 1.5 kg of OPC 53grade cement of, 2.25Kg of Fine aggregate,4.5Kg of coarse aggregate are used in size of 10mm, water is 0.75L.

Table 5.1 Trial Mix RATIO

FINE AGGREGATE

COARSE AGGREGATE

CENOSPHERE (10%)

CEMENT

WATER

1:1.5:3 0.150Kg In the 1st Trial mix is used materials 1.35 kg of OPC 53grade cement of, 2.25kg of Fine aggregate, 4.5kg of coarse aggregate are used in size of 10mm, water is 0.75l, 0.150 kg of Cenospheres. 1.35Kg 2.25Kg 4.5Kg 0.75L