PSI - Issue 70

Yankesh et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 311–318

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It was observed from the test results that an increment of 45 % in the flexural strength was achieved at optimum mix i.e. M8 This data helps to suggest an optimum proportion for material for improving strength and performance of GPC; beyond which excess alkalinity may reduce performance. 3.5 Cost analysis The concrete cost was calculated by considering the cost of the constituent present in the concrete mix design and then after calculating the rate of all individual constituent prices, the cost of GPC at bulk level reduced the cost up to 30% than that of conventional concrete which was in accordance with the test results of other researchers. (Verma M et. al., 2022). Table5 describes all the calculations for the cost of material of conventional concrete and GPC.

Table 5 Cost analysis of the GPC and Conventional concrete

Conventional concrete

Cost Rate (Rs. /Kg)

Quantity for Mix Kg/m 3

Cost of the Conventional Mix (Rs/m 3 )

Cost of the GPC Mix (Rs/m 3 )

OPC -43 Grade

10.39

359.7 309.34 50.35 691.5 1260.5

3732 0.00 0.00 346 1575 590 0.00

0.00 1082 755 346 1575 590 0.00

GGBS

3.5 15 0.5

Sodium Meta Silicate Fine aggregate Coarse aggregate Super plasticizer

1.25

100.00

5.9 148

Water Total

0.00

Rs. 6343/m 3

Rs. 4348/m 3

4 Conclusion The following conclusions are outlined below, derived from the present work:

• The highest compressive strength of 47.97 MPa was achieved with the M8 mix at 14% activator content at normal curing, indicating this is the optimal dosage — beyond which strength gains start to drop. The possible reason for the drop in strength of concrete is the formation of excess alkali which disrupts polymer chain, and the strength gain trend slightly goes on decreasing. At higher concentration of alkaline activators make the GPC porous and brittle which decreases the strength of concrete. • Also, the effect of heat curing was observed on the strength of GPC which shows that no significant effect of curing was observed at optimum mix indicating that standard water curing is sufficient when mix design is optimized. • The testing was done to determine the flexural strength and split tensile strength of the GPC, and it was observed that both the strength was increased in case of GPC. The percentage increase in split tensile strength was 15 percentage while significant percentage gain is observed in case of flexural strength of GPC making it strong resistance material against bending and cracking under tension. • It was concluded from cost analysis that a GPC mix at bulk level reduces the cost up to 30% as compared to conventional concrete. Acknowledgement The authors are grateful to the Department of Civil Engineering, Central University of Haryana for providing the lab facility to complete this work.