PSI - Issue 70

Rakesh Kumar et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 517–524

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Fig. 6. Distribution of FM Mix.

8. Conclusions This work investigated a cement substitute: •

FM works less when SDA % increases. 3.19% less than SDA0 were SDA50 slump readings. The amount of SDA substitution was closely related to FM mixed density as SDA and OPC had different specific gravity and density. • Increased SDA levels up to 20% enhanced These properties dropped noticeably when cement replacement with SDA topped 30%. • When SDA replaced up to 20% of the cement, FM's mechanical strength increased; however, it decreased as the replacement rate neared 30%. • FM's cementitious matrix generated converging voids when SDA surpassed 30% cement replacement. SEM revealed that high SDA level FM mixes produced larger holes. this study advises FM manufacturers to replace 10 – 20% of cement with sawdust. References Abdullahi, A., Abubakar, M. and Afolayan, A., 2013, May. Partial replacement of sand with sawdust in concrete production. In Proceedings of 3rd Biennial Engineering Conference, School of Engineering and Engineering Technology, Federal University Technology Minna, Niger State, Nigeria (pp. 333-338). Aigbomian, E.P. and Fan, M., 2014. Development of wood-crete from treated sawdust. Construction and Building Materials, 52, pp.353-360. Alyami, M., Mydin, M.A.O., Zeyad, A.M., Majeed, S.S. and Tayeh, B.A., 2023. Influence of wastepaper sludge ash as partial cement replacement on the properties of lightweight foamed concrete. Journal of Building Engineering, 79, p.107893. Behera, M., Bhattacharyya, S.K., Minocha, A.K., Deoliya, R. and Maiti, S., 2014. Recycled aggregate from C&D waste & its use in concrete–A breakthrough towards sustainability in construction sector: A review. Construction and building materials, 68, pp.501-516. Cai, J., Pan, J., Li, G. and Elchalakani, M., 2023. Behaviors of eccentrically loaded ECC-encased CFST columns after fire exposure. Engineering Structures, 289, p.116258. Cheah, C.B. and Ramli, M., 2013. The engineering properties of high performance concrete with HCWA–DSF supplementary binder. Construction and Building Materials, 40, pp.93-103. Ghanim, A.A.J., Amin, M., Zeyad, A.M., Tayeh, B.A., Agwa, I.S. and Elsakhawy, Y., 2023. Effect of polypropylene and glass fiber on properties of lightweight concrete exposed to high temperature. Advances in concrete construction, 15(3), pp.179-190. Maglad, A.M., Mydin, M.A.O., Majeed, S.S., Tayeh, B.A. and Mostafa, S.A., 2023. Development of eco-friendly foamed concrete with waste glass sheet powder for mechanical, thermal, and durability properties enhancement. Journal of Building Engineering , 80 , p.107974. Mangi, S.A., Jamaluddin, N., Wan Ibrahim, M.H., Noridah, M. and Sohu, S., 2017. Utilization of sawdust ash as cement replacement for the concrete production: A review. Engineering Science and Technology International Research Journal, 1(3), pp.11-15. Mydin, M.A.O., Sor, N.H., Althoey, F., Özkılıç, Y.O., Abdullah, M.M.A.B., Isleem, H.F., Deifalla, A.F. and Tawfik, T.A., 2023 . Performance of lightweight foamed concrete partially replacing cement with industrial and agricultural wastes: Microstructure characteristics, thermal conductivity, and hardened properties. Ain Shams Engineering Journal, 14(11), p.102546. Mydin, M.O., Shajahan, M.M., Ganesan, S. and Sani, N.M., 2014. Laboratory investigation on compressive strength and micro-structural features of foamed concrete with addition of wood ash and silica fume as a cement replacement. In MATEC Web of Conferences (Vol. 17, p. 01004). EDP Sciences.