PSI - Issue 70

Milena Carolina Derlam et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 3–10

5

a

b

c

Fig. 1. Model 75 (a) Framing elements; (b) OSB panel; (c) dimensions of the components.

The shear walls have overall dimensions of 1220 × 2440 mm, assembled considering U-type tracks and stiffened Ue-type studs with dimensions of 92 × 40 × 1 mm and 92 × 40 × 12 × 1 mm, respectively, both made of steel with a strength of 230 MPa. The connection of the 9 mm thick OSB boards to the structure was performed using No. 8 × 1 – 1/2" self-drilling screws, as shown in Fig. 1. To control the overturning moments in the shear walls, hold-down anchoring devices were placed at the inner ends of the studs. Additionally, a rigid beam was modeled to serve as panel support.

2.1. Material Modelling

The stress-strain curves for the CFS and OSB panels were derived from experimental data provided by Yilmaz et al. (2023). The properties incorporated into the FEM models are detailed in Table 1 for the CFS and OSB, respectively. Steel properties used for modelling the Hold-downs were obtained from the technical catalogue “Simpson Strong -Tie S/HDS Hold-d owns” by Simpson Strong-Tie Company, Inc. (2023). The specified steel is A36, and its properties are also listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Material properties Materials

Elastic Behaviour Plastic Behaviour Young’s Modulus (E): Poisson’s Ratio ( ʋ ): Yield Stress (MPa): Plastic Strain (mm):

264.350 453.675

0

CFS

200000 MPa

0.3

0.273

OSB

3650 MPa

0.2

14.1

0

250 400

0

Hold-downs 200000 MPa

47.351

0.628

2.2. Element type and mesh density Regarding mesh definition, following the guidelines provided in the User’s Manual ( Simulia, 2024), a quadrilateral “S4R” mesh type was applied to all elements. To determine the most suitable mesh size, several sensitivity analyses were performed with varying mesh resolutions. While a highly refined mesh offered greater theoretical accuracy, it also resulted in significantly longer processing times. Therefore, an optimized configuration was established: a 15x15 mm mesh for the CFS, a 20x20 mm mesh for the OSB panels, a 30x30 mm mesh for the rigid fixing beam, and a 5x5 mm mesh for the “Hold - down” devices, given their asymmetrical geometry. This configuration aligns with the recommendations of the User’s Manual ( Simulia, 2024). Additionally, at the locations of the four anchor bolts connecting the panel to the rigid beam, partitions were created in both the tracks and the rigid beam. This ensured that the mesh generated precise nodal points at the fixation sites, allowing for exact node coincidence between the