PSI - Issue 70

C. Raghu Rami Reddy et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 263–270

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Fig. 6. A, B, C, D are contour maps of Flexural Strength VS curing age of different CLC for varying densities of different mixes.

3. Conclusions At 28 days for 1200 kg/m³ density, the multi-fiber mix had the best overall mechanical performance, specifically obtaining a compressive strength of 12.5 MPa, split tensile strength of 2.4 MPa, and flexural strength of 5.0 MPa. Copper slag outperformed M-sand and natural sand, providing approximately 20% greater strength, providing its potential as a superior fine aggregate. M-sand improved strength by about 10% over sand-based mixes, showing it to be an available and eco-friendly alternative. Fiber inclusion, particularly steel fibers, significantly enhanced tensile and flexural properties. With discernible strength increases from 7 to 28 days, longer curing was advantageous for all mix types, highlighting the significance of appropriate curing procedures. To improve CLC's mechanical performance, this study advocates using numerous fibres for both structural and non-structural purposes in conjunction with alternate fine aggregates. References Al-Jabri, K.S., Hisada, M., Al-Saidy, A.H., Al-Oraimi, S.K., 2009. Copper slag as fine aggregate for high-performance concrete. Cement and Concrete Research 39(3), 397–403. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cemconres.2009.01.009 ASTM C78, 2018. Standard test method for flexural strength of concrete. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0078_C0078M-18 ASTM C496, 2017. Standard test method for splitting tensile strength of cylindrical concrete specimens. ASTM International. https://doi.org/10.1520/C0496_C0496M-17 Balasubramanian, R.S., Lakshmi, T.S., Thiruchelvam, V., 2024. Enhancing of compressive strength of grade M30 concrete using novel pumice with 50% silica fume and metakaolin comparing with conventional concrete. AIP Conference Proceedings 3161(1), AIP Publishing, August. Bentz, D.P., Snyder, K.A., 1999. Protected paste volume in concrete: Extension to internal curing using saturated lightweight fine aggregate. Cement and Concrete Research 29(11), 1863–1867. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0008-8846(99)00174-7 Ganta, M., Jyosyula, S.K.R., Baskar, R., 2024. Properties of alkali activated cellular lightweight binder blocks with industrial and agro waste. Discover Applied Sciences 7(1), 13.