PSI - Issue 70

R. Ashwathi et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 698–705

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5.3. Sulphate attack test The test is performed as per IS 12330:1988 to evaluate the concrete against sulphate exposed environment (Binici Hasan; Yilmaz, Salih, 2007; Ulubeyli Turhan; Artir, Recep, 2016). The strength retention plotted against various mixes at 28 days of submersion in sodium sulphate of 6.8 pH is shown in the Fig. 7.c. The variation in the trend shows the percentage of strength loss subjected to sulphate attack. The conventional concrete shows 8.99% loss indicating vulnerability to acid attack. With the percentage of addition of marble powder at 5, 10, 15, 20, 25 and 30, the percentage loss is observed to be 7.15, 5.74, 4.63, 3.52, 5.06 and 7.72. The moderate vulnerability is observed at 20%.

Fig. 7.a Water Absorption Test

Fig. 7.b. Acid Attack Test

Fig. 7.c. Sulphate Attack Test

6. Conclusion and Future scope: The following insights are derived from the research:

1. The optimum percentage of replacement of cement by marble powder is found to be 20. At this percentage, the concrete exhibited better workability and mechanical properties due to the denser and filler ability of the marble powder. 2. The incorporation of marble powder at 20% significantly improves the resistance against acid and sulphate attack due to the enhanced micro structure of the matrix. 3. The partial replacement of cement by marble powder promotes economic benefits and environmental benefits, thereby contributing towards sustainability. The research could be focused on the following to enhance its applications: 1. Analysis on the micro structural properties to understand the microscopic behavior of the concrete. 2. Small-scale trials in the real-time project to validate the feasibility of incorporation of marble powder. 3. Life cycle assessment to study the environmental impact and quantify the carbon footprint. References: Afzal Basha, S., Uddin, F., Shaikh, A., 2023. Suitability of marble powders in production of high strength concrete. Low-carbon Mater. Green Constr. 2023 11 1, 1 – 16. Ali, M., 2014. An Experimental Investigation on Strengths Characteristics of Concrete with the Partial Replacement of Cement by Marble Powder Dust and Sand by Stone Dust. NA. André Jorge; Rosa, Alexandra; Pedro, D., A. de B., 2014. Durability performance of concrete incorporating coarse aggregates from marble industry waste. J. Clean. Prod. 65, 389 – 396. Ashish, D.K., 2019. Concrete made with waste marble powder and supplementary cementitious material for sustainable development. J. Clean. Prod. 211, 716 – 729. Atiyeh Ertug, M.A., 2020. Carbon-Fiber Enriched Cement-Based Composites for Better Sustainability. Mater. (Basel, Switzerland) 13, 1899 NA. Aukour, F.J., 2009. Incorporation of Marble Sludge in Industrial Building Eco-blocks or Cement Bricks Formulation. Jordan J. Civ. Eng. 3, NA NA.