PSI - Issue 70

C. Manoj Prabhu et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 207–214

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5. Conclusion a) The durability study of GPC with RHA as a partial replacement for fly ash demonstrates significant improvements in performance. b) The values of water absorption and sorptivity diminish with increasing RHA content, signifying decreased porosity and enhanced resistance to moisture penetration. c) The findings of the rapid chloride permeability test (RCPT) indicate that all GPC specimens have reduced chloride ion penetration in accordance with ASTM C1202-19, hence assuring improved durability against chloride intrusion. Furthermore, sulphate resistance enhances with increased RHA concentration, evidenced by decreased weight and strength loss following exposure. d) The impact of molarity is apparent, as 12M geopolymer concrete exhibits superior durability properties compared to 10M, attributable to enhanced geopolymerization. e) The ideal substitution of RHA is determined to be 20% to 25%, as it improves overall durability characteristics without detracting from mix performance. This study verifies that RHA may be efficiently employed as a sustainable alternative in geopolymer concrete, enhancing durability and promoting environmentally responsible construction practices. Acknowledgements The authors wish to thank the Department of Civil Engineering, Sengunthar Engineering College, Tiruchengode, Tamilnadu for providing the necessary facilities to carry out this research. References Aleem, A., Arumairaj, P.D., 2012. Optimum mix for geopolymer concrete. Indian Journal of Science and Technology 5(3), 2299 – 2301. Amran, M., Al-Fakih, A., Chu, S.H., Fediuk, R., Haruna, S., Azevedo, A., Vatin, N., 2021. Long-term durability properties of geopolymer concrete: An in-depth review. Case Studies in Construction Materials 15, e00661. Chaithanya, R.K., Venugopal Reddy, C.H., Sudheer Reddy, L., Tarun Kumar, K., 2020. Effect of molarity on strength characteristics of geopolymer mortar based on fly ash and GGBS. Solid State Technology 63(2s). Chary, M.R., Bindu, K.H., Haranatti, J.S., Samineni, M., Pavani, P., Rozhdestvenskiy, O.I., 2024. The properties of geopolymer concrete by partial replacement of cement with GGBS & fly ash. MATEC Web of Conferences 392, 01006. Davidovits, J., 2008. Geopolymer Chemistry and Applications. 3rd ed. Geopolymer Institute, Saint-Quentin, France, ISBN: 978-2-9514820-5-0. Davidovits, J., 2013. Geopolymer Cement: A Review. Geopolymer Science and Technics, Technical Paper #21, Geopolymer Institute Library, www.geopolymer.org. Deepak, A.L., Vara Lakshmi, T.V.S., 2019. Mechanical Properties of Geopolymer Concrete with Fly Ash and Metakaolin. International Journal of Engineering and Advanced Technology 9(1). Desai, J.A., Panchal, V.R., Bhavsar, J., 2018. Experimental study of fly ash-based geo-polymer concrete using silicafume and quartz powder. 4, 207 – 211. Fletcher, R.A., MacKenzie, K.J.D., Nicholson, C.L., Shimada, S., 2005. The composition range of aluminosilicate geopolymers. Journal of European Ceramic Society 25, 1471 – 1477. Ganesh, A.C., Muthukannan, M., 2018. A review of recent developments in geopolymer concrete. International Journal of Engineering & Technology 7, 696. Harikaran, J., Scariyas, J.A., Nithya, B., Vidhya, K., 2023. Experimental investigation on fly ash-based geo-polymer concrete using alkaline activators. AIP Conference Proceedings 2782, 020180. He, J., Jie, Y., Zhang, J., Yu, Y., Zhang, G., 2013. Synthesis and characterization of red mud and rice husk ash-based geopolymer composites. Cement and Concrete Composites 37, 108 – 118, Kim, Y.Y., Lee, B.J., Saraswathy, V., Kwon, S.J., 2014. Strength and durability performance of alkali-activated rice husk ash geopolymer mortar. Scientific World Journal 2014, 209584. Komnitsas, K., Zaharaki, D., 2007. Geopolymerisation: A review and prospects for the minerals industry. Minerals Engineering 20, 1261 – 1277. Kustirini, A., Antonius, Setiyawan, 2021. Effect of sodium hydroxide concentration on the compressive strength of geopolymer mortar using fly ash PLTU Tanjungjati B Jepara. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science 955, 012010. Mathew, B.J., Sudhakar, M., Natarajan, C., 2013. Strength, economic and sustainability characteristics of coal ash GGBS-based geopolymer concrete. International Journal of Computational Engineering Research 3(1), 207 – 212. Mugahed Amran, Murali, G., Fediuk, R., Vatin, N., Vasilev, Y., Abdelgader, H., 2021. Palm oil fuel ash-based eco- efficient concrete: A critical review of the short-term properties. Materials (Basel) 14, 1 – 33. Narendra Raut, A., Murmu, A.L., Alomayri, T., 2023. Physico-mechanical and thermal behavior of prolong heat cured geopolymer blocks. Construction and Building Materials 370, 130309. Nuaklong, P., Jongvivatsakul, P., Pothisiri, T., Sata, V., Chindaprasirt, P., 2020. Influence of rice husk ash on mechanical properties and fire