PSI - Issue 70

Siddharth Deswal et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 350–357

355

Fig. 9. Stress Distribution in a Long Column under Uniaxial Loading

Fig. 10. Failure of a Long Column under Uniaxial loading

Fig. 11. Stress Distribution in a Long Column under Biaxial Loading

Fig. 12. Failure of a Long Column under Biaxial loading

Table 1: FEM model analysis output

Max Load (kN)

Displacement (mm)

Stiffness (kN/mm)

Column Type

Loading Type Max Stress (MPa)

Short Column Short Column Short Column Long Column Long Column Long Column

Axial

135.8 67.92 79.95 24.15

500 250 200

0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22 0.22

2273 1136

Uniaxial Biaxial

909

Axial

95 65 55

— — —

Uniaxial Biaxial

25.7

31.59

The load-displacement behavior for the long column under axial loading shows a linear response, with a maximum applied load of 95 kN and a displacement of 0.22 mm, indicating stable performance under pure compression.