PSI - Issue 70

Blessy Grant C J et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 247–254

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the incorporation of steel fibers improved the energy absorption characteristics of the beams without causing any notable strength degradation. Lakshmanan (2008) found that the cyclic ductility of LRC beams with lesser shear span - depth ratios is significantly lower than their static ductility. An LRC arrangement with a 50-degree inclination angle can achieve greater ultimate loads while decreasing deformation characteristics. The preference is to use a 50 0 lacing angle for beams. Madheswaran et al. (2015) showed that adopting LRC improves the ductility of concrete and offers superior confinement compared to traditional methods. LRC beams have a higher rotational capacity than traditional Reinforced Concrete (RC) beams, and they require less steel weight. Inclined lacing is a better alternative for web reinforcement detailing, offering sufficient shear capacity and greater ductility under static loading than vertical hoop reinforcement. Abbas Abdul Majeed (2016) conducted a study on one-way slabs with laced reinforcement were tested against conventional reinforcement under static load. The results showed that the load carrying capacity of the specimens are directly proportional to the lacing steel ratio reducing the span-to-effective depth ratio when compared to the reference specimen. The use of lacing steel reinforcement also enhanced the ductility of the specimen. Increasing the lacing steel reinforcement increased the ultimate load capacity by about 56.52% and the cracking load by about 20% with respect to the control specimen. It recorded the highest increase in ductility factor about 91.34% with a least lacing steel ratio. It was also noted that the ductility factor is indirectly proportional to the lacing steel ratio. Hayfaa Dhumad et al. (2015) inferred that the Laced Reinforced Concrete (LRC) beams subjected to high frequency, low-stress fatigue loading surpassed the limit of fatigue life without experiencing failure. The deflection in these beams decreased with an increase in diameter of lacing rod, inclination angle, and lacing steel ratio. The reinforcements in the LRC beams remained within the elastic range under such fatigue loading conditions. Anas Ibrahim et al. (2019) conducted tests on six no. of HSC Slabs (Fck – 60 Mpa) exposed to fire flame of temperature 500 0 C with a lacing ration of 0.0021, 0.0050, 0.0060. The laced reinforcement effectively restrained the tension reinforcement strain during its strain-hardening region. In burned specimens, both deflection and failure load increased with higher laced reinforcement ratios. Concrete crushing was observed in burned specimens, while no crushing in unburned specimens at failure load. 2. Materials used and Method of Experimentation Laced reinforced concrete member consists of same number of longitudinal reinforcements in the tension and compression zones, which are linked effectively with continuously bent inclined stirrups. The capacity for support rotation in LRC elements allows them to withstand significant deformation and absorb considerable energy, which reduces the likelihood of structural collapse and lowers the risk of injuries and fatalities. The primary flexural reinforcement bars on both top and bottom faces of the element and the concrete components are bound together through the influence of the truss action of lacing reinforcement. The lacing is positioned in the plane of principal bending and fixed in position by anchoring it in cross bars. The structural diagram of a typical Laced Reinforced Concrete flexural element is depicted in Fig. 1.

Fig. 1. Typical Laced Reinforced Concrete beam