PSI - Issue 70

Maheshwari Sonker et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 70 (2025) 477–484

483

800

M65

600

400

200 c (Ns/m)

0

HS 1_2mm 2-2mm1_6mm2-6mm1_8mm2-8mm

Depth of damages

Fig. 7. Variation of the equivalent damping versus damage depth for M65 grade concrete.

3.50E+08

M65

2.80E+08

2.10E+08

1.40E+08

k (N/m)

7.00E+07

1.00E-03

HS 1_2mm 2-2mm 1_6mm 2-6mm 1_8mm 2-8mm

Depth of damages

Fig. 8 . Variation of the equivalent stiffness versus damage depth for M60 grade composite concrete.

The study confirmed that proximity of the PZT sensor to the damage site significantly affects sensitivity and detection accuracy. EMI technique offers high-resolution insights into micro-level changes, supporting early diagnostics and preventive maintenance. 5. Conclusion The Electro-Mechanical Impedance technique, utilizing embedded the PZT sensors, demonstrates high efficacy as a robust and non-invasive methodology for structural health monitoring (SHM) of composite fibre-reinforced concrete. This approach enables early-stage damage detection and facilitates data-driven decisions for maintenance scheduling and service life optimization. Experimental observations reveal a strong correlation between severity of damages and the RMSD index, with sensors located at reduced patch to damage the distances exhibiting enhanced sensitivity to damage progression. RMSD trends consistently indicate elevated values corresponding to increased damage intensity at closer proximities, underscoring the spatial responsiveness of the PZT sensors. Furthermore, the analysis of mechanical impedance parameters indicates a progressive reduction in the equivalent stiffness (k) and a corresponding increase in equivalent damping (c) with increasing damage depth (damage scenarios 1 and 2). These parameter variations substantiate the degradation in local structural integrity and validate performance of the EMI technique for quantitative damage assessment. Future work will focus on extending the EMI-based approach to monitor real-time damage progression under varying environmental and loading conditions. Acknowledgments The author would like to gratefully thank the Department of Civil Engineering of the Motilal Nehru National Institute of Technology Allahabad, Prayagraj, India.