PSI - Issue 7

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 7 (2017) 299–306 Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 ScienceDirect

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia

www.elsevier.com/locate/procedia XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects, FDMD 2017, 19-22 September 2017, Lecco, Italy Ultrasonic Inspection and Data Analysis of Glass- and Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Plastics F. Schadow a , D. Brackrock a , M. Gaal a,* , T. Heckel a a Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany Abstract Non-destructive testing (NDT) helps to find material defects witho t having an influence on the material itself. It is applied as a method of quality control, for online structural health monitoring, and for inspection of safety related components. Due to the ability of automation and a simple test setup ultrasonic testing is one major NDT technique next to several existing options. Whereas contact technique allows the use of higher frequencies of some MHz and phased array focusing, air-coupled ultrasonic testing (ACUT) shows different advantages. Most significant for ACUT is the absence of any coupling fluid and an economical test procedure respective time and costs. Both contact technique and ACUT have been improved and enhanced during the past years. One important enhancement is the development of airborne transducers based on ferroelectrets, like charged cellular polypropylene (cpp), which makes the application of any matching layers being mandatory in conventional piezoelectric transducers unnecess ry. In this contr bution we show ultraso ic inspection results of sp cimens made of carb n- and lass-fibre reinfor ed plastic. Thes sp cimens include defects represe ted by drill hol and artificial delaminations of various size and depth. We compare inspection results achiev d by using contact tech iqu to those achieve by ACUT. F r ACUT, conventional piezoelectric transducers and transducers based on cpp were used, both focused as well as non-focused types. Contact inspections were performed with a multi-channel matrix array probe. Once the inspection data is recorded it can be analysed in order to detect and evaluate defects in the specimen. We present different analysing strategies and compare these regarding detection rate and sizing of defects. © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects. 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects, FDMD 2017, 19-22 September 2017, Lecco, Italy Ult asonic I spe tion nd Data Analysis of Glass- and Carb n Fibre-Reinforced Plastics F. Schadow a , D. Brackrock a , M. Gaal a,* , T. Heckel a a Bundesanstalt für Materialforschung und –prüfung (BAM), 12205 Berlin, Germany Abstract Non-destructive testing (NDT) helps to find material defect without having an influen e on the material itself. It i applied as a method of qu lity o trol, for online structural alth mo itoring, and for inspection of s fet related components. Due to the ability of automati n and a simple test s tup ultraso ic testing is one major NDT t chnique next to several existing options. Whereas contact technique allows the use of igher frequencies of some MHz nd phased array focusing, ir-coupled ultrasonic testing (ACUT) shows different advantag s. Most significant for ACUT i the absenc of any c upling fluid and an economic l test cedur res ective time and costs. Both contact technique and ACUT hav been improved and e ha ced during the past years. One imp rtant enhanceme t is the development of airborn transducers based on ferroelectrets, like charged cellular polypropylene ( pp), which make the application of any matching layers being mandatory in convention l piezoelectric transducers unnecessary. In this contribution we show ultrasonic inspection results of sp cimens made of carbon- and glass-fibre reinforced plastic. Th se specimens include efects represent y drill holes and artificial delamination of various size a d depth. We compare inspection results achieved by using contact technique to those achiev d by ACUT. For ACUT, co ventional piezoelectric transducers and transducers based on cpp were used, both focu ed as well as n n-focused typ s. Co tact inspections were performed with a multi-channel matrix array probe. Once the inspection data is recorded it can be analysed in order to detect and evaluate defects in the specimen. We present different analysing strategies and compare these regarding detection rate and sizing of defect . © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Com ittee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects.

Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-30-8104-3174. E-mail address: mate.gaal@bam.de * Corresponding author. Tel.: +49-30-8104-3174. E-mail address: mate.gaal@bam.de

2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects. 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216 Copyright  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.092