PSI - Issue 7

ScienceDirect Available online at www.sciencedirect.com Av ilable o line at ww.sciencedire t.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2016) 000 – 000 Procedia Structu al Integrity 7 (2017) 453–459 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000 Available online at www.sciencedirect.com ScienceDirect Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2017) 000–000

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XV Portuguese Conference on Fracture, PCF 2016, 10-12 February 2016, Paço de Arcos, Portugal Thermo-mechanical modeling of a high pressure turbine blade of an airplane gas turbine engine P. Brandão a , V. Infante b , A.M. Deus c * a Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal b IDMEC, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal c CeFEMA, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Instituto Superior Técnico, Universidade de Lisboa, Av. Rovisco Pais, 1, 1049-001 Lisboa, Portugal Abstract During their operation, modern aircraft engine components are subjected to increasingly demanding operating conditions, especially the high pressure turbine (HPT) blades. Such conditions cause these parts to undergo different types of time-dependent degradation, one of which is creep. A model using the finite element method (FEM) was developed, in order to be able to predict the creep behaviour of HPT blades. Flight data records (FDR) for a specific aircraft, provided by a commercial aviation company, were used to obtain thermal and mechanical data for three different flight cycles. In order to create the 3D model needed for the FEM analysis, a HPT blade scrap was scanned, and its chemical composition and material properties were obtained. The data that was gathered was fed into the FEM model and different simulations were run, first with a simplified 3D rectangular block shape, in order to better establish the model, and then with the real 3D mesh obtained from the blade scrap. The overall expected behaviour in terms of displacement was observed, in particular at the trailing edge of the blade. Therefore such a model can be useful in the goal of predicting turbine blade life, given a set of FDR data. 3 rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects, FDMD 2017, 19-22 September 2017, Lecco, Italy Quantitative Evaluation of the Flaking Strength of Rolling Bearings with Small Defects (Part 1: FEM Analyses of the Stress Intensity Factor, K II , under Rolling Contact) Sho Hashimoto a,b, *, Hiroki Komata b , Hisao Matsunaga c,d,e a Kyushu Univ. Graduate School of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan b Core Technology R&D Center, NSK Ltd., 1-5-50 Kugenumashinmei, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-8501 Japan c Kyushu Univ. Faculty of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan d Kyushu Univ. International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka , 819-0395 Japan e Kyushu Univ. Research Center for Hydrogen Industrial Use and Storage (HYDROGENIUS), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan Abstract It has been demonstrated that the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) test, using a specimen with a small drilled hole, is a useful means of evaluating the influence of a minor defect on the flaking strength of steels. In this study, RCF tests were conducted on rolling bearings with small drilled holes. Flaking failure was deter ined to be caused by the shear-mode fatigue cracks that emanated from the small defects. As a first step to quantifying the crack-growth threshold according to fracture mechanics principles, using the finite element method (FEM), it was n cessary to a alyze the Mode II str ss intensity factor (SIF) range, ∆ K II , of a ring-shaped crack, as emanated around the edge of a drilled hole after the passage of a rolling element. Subsequently, the derived values were correlated with the ∆ K II values of penny-shaped cracks in an infinite body under uniform shear via a correlation factor, f drill . The SIF of the ring-shaped crack was also uniformly correlated with that of the penny-shaped crack, using the single factor, f drill , irrespective of the hole diameter, d , the depth of the hole-edge, h ′ , and the maximum contact pressure, q max , within the following ranges: d = 0.05 ~ 0.2 mm, h ′ = 0.05 ~ 0.345 mm and q max = 2.0 ~ 3.0 GPa. The obtained results were later applied towards the quantification of the RCF test results, as detailed in Part 2 of the report on this research. 3 rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects, FDMD 2017, 19-22 September 2017, Lecco, Italy Quantitative Evaluation of the Flaking Strength of Rolling Bearings wit Sm ll Defects (Part 1: FEM Analyses of the Stress Intensity Factor, K II , und r Rolling Contac ) Sho Hashimoto a,b, *, Hiroki Komata b , Hisao Matsunaga c,d,e a Kyushu Univ. Graduate School of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan b Core Technology R&D Center, NSK Ltd., 1-5-50 Kugenumashinmei, Fujisawa-shi, Kanagawa, 251-8501 Japan c Kyushu Univ. Faculty of Engineering, 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fukuoka, 819-0395 Japan d Kyushu Univ. International Institute for Carbon-Neutral Energy Research (I2CNER), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, Fuk oka , 819-0395 Japan e Kyushu Univ. Research Center for Hydrogen Industrial Use and Storage (HYDROG NIUS), 744 Motooka, Nishi-ku, Fukuoka-shi, ukuoka, 819-0395 Japan Abstract It has been demonstrated that the rolling contact fatigue (RCF) test, using a specimen with a small drilled hole, is a useful means of evaluating the influence of a minor defect on the flaking strength of steels. In this study, RCF tests were conducted on rolling bearings with small drilled oles. Flaki failure was determined to be caused by the shear-mode f tigue cracks that emanated from the small defects. As a first step to quantifying the crack- rowth t reshold according o fracture mechanics principl s, using the finite element ethod (FEM), it was necessary to analyze th M d II str ss in ensity fact r (SIF) range, ∆ K II , of a ri g-shaped crack, as emanated around the edge of a drilled hole after the passage of a rolling element. Subs qu ntly, the derived val es wer correlated with the ∆ K II values of penny-shaped cr cks in an infinit body under un form shear via a correlation factor, f drill . The SIF of th ri g-shaped crack was also un formly corr la ed with that of the penny-shaped crack, using the single f ctor, f drill , irrespective of the le di m ter, d , the depth of the hole-edge, h ′ , and the maxim m contact p essure, q max , within the following ranges: d = 0.05 ~ 0.2 mm, h ′ = 0.05 ~ 0.345 m and q ax = 2.0 ~ 3.0 GPa Th obtained results were later applied towa ds the quantification of the RCF test r sults, as tailed in Part 2 of the report on this research. © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016. Keywords: High Pressure Turbine Blade; Creep; Finite Element Method; 3D Model; Simulation. Copyright © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects.

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-466-21-3079; Fax: +81-466-27-9766. E-mail address: hashimoto-sho@nsk.com * Corresponding author. Tel.: +81-466-21-3079; Fax: +81-466-27-9766. E-mail address: hashimoto-sho@nsk.com

* Corresponding author. Tel.: +351 218419991. E-mail address: amd@tecnico.ulisboa.pt 2452-3216 © 2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review und r responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects. 2452 3216 © 2017 The Auth r . Publi hed by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects.

2452-3216 © 2016 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of PCF 2016.

2452-3216 Copyright  2017 The Authors. Published by Elsevier B.V. Peer-review under responsibility of the Scientific Committee of the 3rd International Symposium on Fatigue Design and Material Defects. 10.1016/j.prostr.2017.11.112