PSI - Issue 64

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Yago Cruz et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 335–342 Yago Cruz / Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2019) 000 – 000

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3.3. Structural model A new phase is created within the same HBIM model to create the structural model (Fig. 5b). This model is created based on the architectural model (Fig. 5a) created in the previous step. With this new model the static and dynamic actions affecting the structure are calculated. A simplified model of the building is created, only with the structural elements, in order to reduce the number of nodes and links that may cause errors when linking or exporting the model to a calculation software. To do this, a model is created with the walls of the building with the corresponding openings belonging to the windows and doors. To create the floor slab, three wooden beams of 150 x 370 millimeters are modeled, two of them at the ends of the building, and another one passing through the center. The central beam is supported by two 200 x 200 mm structural stone pillars. However, those at the ends are supported on several corbels, which are modeled as structural walls protruding 250 mm from the host wall. In relation to the second floor slab, the lower part is formed by 38 mm thick wooden slats screwed to the upper joists. To model the joists that are hidden, the images captured by the thermal camera are used to discover their orientation, and with the GPR data the spacing distance between them is obtained. In addition, the depth of these joists, which is 250 millimeters, is also obtained from the GPR data. Beam systems are created, between beams, consisting of timber frames of 114 x 114 millimeters, spaced 400 mm apart, which is the average of all the distances collected by the GPR. Supported on the beams is a 17 mm thick white oak flooring.

Fig. 5. (a) Architectural model in Revit; (b) Structural model in Robot.

To calculate the created model (Fig. 5b), it is linked to a finite element meshing and structural calculation program, in the case of this work the chosen software is Autodesk Robot Structural Analysis. Before linking this structural model, the overloads of use and snow are introduced in Revit, following the Structural Eurocode. The self-weight and wind loads are not introduced since the software chosen to perform the subsequent calculation calculates them automatically.

3.4.

Structural assessment

Based on the Structural Eurocode, the overload of use has values of 5 kN/m 2 in the main hall, and 3 kN/m 2 in the meeting room. On the other hand, the snow overload has a value of 0.5 kN/m 2 over the entire surface of the building. When importing the model into Robot, the most unfavorable possible wind directions are entered. In this case, the most unfavorable case is in the direction perpendicular to the main facade and the galleries, because the sides of the building are sheltered by buildings. A basic wind speed is introduced, which according to the regulations corresponds to 27 m/s, a pressure of 0.5 kPa and the average altitude of Guimarães, 271 meters, resulting in an overload of 0.75 kN/m 2 . The self-weight load is calculated automatically because it uses the linked Revit data of the density of each material. The building is stone with a density of 2,200 kg/m 3 . The floor and beams are oak with a density of 673 kg/m 3 . Next, the most unfavorable load combinations for Ultimate Limit State (ULS) and Service Limit State (SLS) are