PSI - Issue 64

Annalisa Mele et al. / Procedia Structural Integrity 64 (2024) 1295–1302 A. Mele et al./ Structural Integrity Procedia 00 (2023) 000 – 000

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3.2. Damage assessment The damage states (DSs) are defined with refers to the infills. They are linked to their damage condition, that occurs in form of cracks, more or less extended and with various widths, crashing of bricks, degradation of the mortar which causes sliding. The definition of the DSs for RC infilled structures is an investigated topic in the research field (Grünthal, 1998), Baggio et al. (2018), Colangelo (2013), Cardone and Perrone (2015). In this work, the classification of the DSs proposed by Cardone and Perrone (2015) has been adopted for the tuff bricks infills; for the hollow clay bricks infills, the formulations defined in De Risi et al. (2018) have been considered. Four DSs are defined: light cracking (DS1), extensive cracking (DS2), corner crushing (DS3), and collapse (DS4). The damage is correlated with the specific interstory drift ratio (IDR) target thresholds corresponding to each DS. 4. Results 4.1. DInSAR analysis Figure 4 represents the results of a DInSAR updated analysis aimed at monitoring ground and building displacements caused by the landslide activity. The ascending and descending passes of the satellite allowed for the acquisition of permanent scatterers (PS) data, essential for the creation of detailed displacement maps at the conclusion of each year within the study period. In a first step, continuous maps were generated by the implementation of the IDW interpolation algorithm with a cell size of 3 m, tailored to match the resolution of the radar images, to detect displacement values at each of the pillars. Therefore, the vertical and horizontal components were estimated, the data indicated cumulative horizontal displacements reaching 7,5 cm and vertical displacements of up to 3,9 cm over the period 2019-2022. The kinematics of the landslide that can be classified as a translational slide where the horizontal component proved to be the predominant one is confirmed in this update as well.

Fig. 4. Mean displacement rate maps of the years 2019-2022 in ascending (a) and descending (b). Red square indicates the building investigated.

4.2. Structural assessment results The results of the structural assessment are reported in form of histograms. Given the measured lateral displacement of the infill, the DS has been assigned. In Fig. 5a,b it can be seen the number of infills in every DSs at the first and second floor at year 2016: 6 infills in total have attained the DS2. This condition had been already studied in Miano et al., 2021 and represents the starting point for the evolution of the infills damage performed in this work. Besides DS1, DS2, DS3, and DS4, described in Section 2.2, the DS0 has been introduced, including integer compressed infills, that have not reached the DS1, and infills in tension. The results of the structural assessment from 2017 to 2022 are